https://citscihub.nz/w/api.php?action=feedcontributions&user=Move+page+script&feedformat=atomCitSciHub - User contributions [en-gb]2024-03-29T04:53:32ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.31.10https://citscihub.nz/w/index.php?title=Phil_Bendle_Collection:Zantedeschia_aethiopic_(Calla_Green_Goddess_)&diff=6736Phil Bendle Collection:Zantedeschia aethiopic (Calla Green Goddess )2019-07-31T01:36:36Z<p>Move page script: Move page script moved page Zantedeschia aethiopic (Calla Green Goddess ) to Phil Bendle Collection:Zantedeschia aethiopic (Calla Green Goddess ) without leaving a redirect</p>
<hr />
<div><div><br />
<br />
<div id="main"><br />
<br />
'''Kingdom:''' Plantae<br /><br />
'''(unranked):''' Angiosperms<br /><br />
'''(unranked):''' Monocots<br /><br />
'''Order:''' Alismatales<br /><br />
'''Family:''' Araceae<br /><br />
'''Subfamily''': Aroideae<br /><br />
'''Tribe:''' Zantedeschieae<br /><br />
'''Genus:''' Zantedeschia<br /><br />
'''Species:''' Zantedeschia aethiopic<br /><br />
'''Common names:''' Trumpet lily, Calla Lily 'Green Goddess'<br />
<br />
Zantedeschia aethiopica is a herbaceous clump-forming rhizomatous perennial. Its an unusual, large arum lily, with huge, arrow-shaped, glossy, dark green leaves. In early summer, white spathes (flowers), up to 20cm (8&quot;) across with creamy white centres blending into green tapered tips, rise above the foliage. This plant particularly loves moist shade and rich soil. Its feet can be submerged in water. It grows to a height and spread of 90cm.<br /><br />
It is classed by New Zealand Biosecurity as a pest plant. It smothers ground, preventing regeneration of native flora. All parts of the plant poisonous to humans, pets and livestock. Seeds mainly spread by birds. Flowing water, animals also play a role. Local spread by rhizomes and the dumping of garden cuttings.<br />
<br />
Thanks to Wikipedia for text and information:<br />
<br />
[https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/%20 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-----<br />
<br />
<br />
</div><br />
<br />
</div><br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Weeds]]<br />
[[Category:Phil Bendle Collection]]</div>Move page scripthttps://citscihub.nz/w/index.php?title=Phil_Bendle_Collection:Zantedeschia_aethiopica_(Arum_lily)&diff=6737Phil Bendle Collection:Zantedeschia aethiopica (Arum lily)2019-07-31T01:36:36Z<p>Move page script: Move page script moved page Zantedeschia aethiopica (Arum lily) to Phil Bendle Collection:Zantedeschia aethiopica (Arum lily) without leaving a redirect</p>
<hr />
<div><div><br />
<br />
<div id="main"><br />
<br />
'''Kingdom:''' Plantae<br /><br />
'''(Unranked):''' Angiosperms<br /><br />
'''(Unranked):''' Monocots <br /><br />
'''Order:''' Alismatales <br /><br />
'''Family:''' Araceae <br /><br />
'''Subfamily''': Aroideae <br /><br />
'''Tribe:''' Zantedeschieae <br /><br />
'''Genus:''' Zantedeschia <br /><br />
'''Species:''' Z. aethiopica<br /><br />
'''Binomial name:''' Zantedeschia aethiopica <br /><br />
'''Common name:''' Lily of the Nile, Calla lily, It is also commonly known as the Arum lily, although the plant is not a true Arum<br />
<br />
It is a rhizomatous herbaceous perennial plant a native from South Africa. It is an evergreen found in swampy areas and damp wasteland. It grows to 0.6-1 m tall, with large clumps of broad, arrow shaped dark green leaves up to 45 cm long. The Inflorescences are large, produced in spring, summer and autumn, with a pure white spathe up to 25 cm and a yellow spadix up to 90 mm long.<br /><br />
Zantedeschia aethiopica is native to southern Africa in Lesotho, South Africa, and Swaziland. The plant has been classified as a toxic weed and is a declared pest. It Impacts by smothering the ground layer preventing regeneration of natural flora.<br /><br />
Zantedeschia is highly toxic and may be fatal if eaten. All parts are poisonous, including the ripe spike of berries in the middle of the flower. Ingestion may cause a severe burning sensation and swelling of lips, tongue, and throat; stomach pain and diarrhoea are possible.<br /><br />
It is classed by New Zealand Biosecurity as a pest plant. It smothers ground, preventing regeneration of native flora. All parts of the plant poisonous to humans, pets and livestock. Seeds mainly spread by birds. Flowing water, animals also play a role. Local spread by rhizomes. Dumping of garden cuttings. <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br /><br />
[http://ketenewplymouth.peoplesnetworknz.info/image_files/0000/0001/1524/Zantedeschia_aethiopica__Calla_lily-4.JPG]<br />
<br />
[http://ketenewplymouth.peoplesnetworknz.info/image_files/0000/0001/1529/Zantedeschia_aethiopica__Calla_lily-5.JPG]<br />
<br />
A dying petal exposing the ripe stigma<br /><br />
[http://ketenewplymouth.peoplesnetworknz.info/image_files/0000/0001/1534/Stigma_of__Zantedeschia_aethiopica__Calla_lily-4.JPG]<br />
<br />
This video is on the poisonous properties of all species of the arum lily.VIDEO<br />
<br />
Thanks to Wikipedia for text and information:<br />
<br />
[https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/%20 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-----<br />
<br />
<br />
</div><br />
<br />
</div><br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Weeds]]<br />
[[Category:Phil Bendle Collection]]</div>Move page scripthttps://citscihub.nz/w/index.php?title=Phil_Bendle_Collection:Zizania_latifolia_(Manchurian_rice_grass)&diff=6738Phil Bendle Collection:Zizania latifolia (Manchurian rice grass)2019-07-31T01:36:36Z<p>Move page script: Move page script moved page Zizania latifolia (Manchurian rice grass) to Phil Bendle Collection:Zizania latifolia (Manchurian rice grass) without leaving a redirect</p>
<hr />
<div><div><br />
<br />
<div id="main"><br />
<br />
'''Kingdom:''' Plantae<br /><br />
'''(unranked):''' Angiosperms<br /><br />
'''(unranked):''' Monocots<br /><br />
'''(unranked):''' Commelinids<br /><br />
'''Order:''' Poales<br /><br />
'''Family''': Poaceae<br /><br />
'''Subfamily''': Ehrhartoideae<br /><br />
'''Tribe:''' Oryzeae<br /><br />
'''Genus:''' Zizania<br /><br />
'''Species:''' Z. latifolia<br /><br />
'''Binomial name:''' Zizania latifolia<br /><br />
'''Synonyms:''' Hydropyrum latifolium, Zizania caduciflora<br /><br />
'''Common names''': Manchurian rice grass, Wild bamboo, Manchurian wild rice<br /><br />
<br /><br />
Zizania latifolia is a large semi-aquatic grass from China that has run rampant on riverbanks, ditches in parts of the North Island from Northland to the Kapiti Coast. It is abundant on the margins of Northern Wairoa River in Northland.<br />
<br />
It is tall rhizomatous, perennial, grass that grows up to 3 m tall. It has long, straight, light to dull green leaves that grow in fans. The leaves are 2- 3 cm wide and up to 2.5 m long and have a stout midrib and taper to a point. During November, December it develops a reddish-brown flower head that is 40- 60 cm long. Established plants spread by long, stout rhizomes and form densely impenetrable swards. The seeds are spread by water or by drainage machinery.<br />
<br />
Zizania latifolia is real problem plant because it replaces all other species. It also causes silt to accumulate causing flooding which destroys aquatic flora and fauna habitats. <br /><br />
Any suspected new sightings should be reported immediately by contacting<br /><br />
'''MAF Biosecurity New Zealand on 0800 80 99 66'''<br />
<br />
NIWA’s interesting web page on Manchurian wild rice: https://www.niwa.co.nz/aquatic-biodiversity-and-biosecurity/update/issue-05-2003/stopping-the-freshwater-wild-rice-invader<br />
<br />
[http://www.terrain.net.nz/uploads/images/Te%20Henui/%20Weeds/1-Water_bamboo.JPG]<br />
<br />
Thanks to Wikipedia for text and information [http://www.terrain.net.nz/%20https:/creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/]<br />
<br />
<br /><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-----<br />
<br />
<br />
</div><br />
<br />
</div><br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Weeds]]<br />
[[Category:Phil Bendle Collection]]</div>Move page scripthttps://citscihub.nz/w/index.php?title=Phil_Bendle_Collection:Zoysia_minima_(Prickly_couch)&diff=6739Phil Bendle Collection:Zoysia minima (Prickly couch)2019-07-31T01:36:36Z<p>Move page script: Move page script moved page Zoysia minima (Prickly couch) to Phil Bendle Collection:Zoysia minima (Prickly couch) without leaving a redirect</p>
<hr />
<div><div><br />
<br />
<div id="main"><br />
<br />
'''Kingdom''': Plantae<br /><br />
'''(unranked):''' Angiosperms<br /><br />
'''(unranked):''' Monocots<br /><br />
'''(unranked):''' Commelinids<br /><br />
'''Order:''' Poales<br /><br />
'''Family:''' Poaceae<br /><br />
'''Subfamily:''' Chloridoideae<br /><br />
'''Tribe:''' Zoysieae<br /><br />
'''Genus''': Zoysia<br /><br />
'''Species:''' Z minima<br /><br />
'''Binomial name''': Zoysia minima<br /><br />
'''Synonym:''' Gaimardia minima<br /><br />
'''Common names''': Prickly couch, Zoysia<br />
<br />
Zoysia minima is a native, perennial, mat-forming species of a tiny, creeping, dune grass. It is endemic in the North Island south of Auckland and Coromandel. In the South Island, it is scattered from Nelson, Marlborough south to Central Otago. It inhabits coastal to inland sand dunes, sandy ground, and gravel areas up to 600 m.a.s.l. <br /><br />
It forms brownish green mats. The leaves are 3cm x 1mm. <br /><br />
Zoysia minima are now widely used as a commercial lawn species where a hard wearing dry tolerant cover is needed.<br />
<br />
[http://ketenewplymouth.peoplesnetworknz.info/image_files/0000/0013/3998/1-Zoysia_minima_melissal.jpg]<br />
<br />
Thanks to Wikipedia for text and information: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-----<br />
<br />
<br />
</div><br />
<br />
</div><br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Grasses, Sedges and Rushes]]<br />
[[Category:Phil Bendle Collection]]</div>Move page scripthttps://citscihub.nz/w/index.php?title=Phil_Bendle_Collection:Yellow_Admiral_butterfly_(Vanessa_itea)&diff=6731Phil Bendle Collection:Yellow Admiral butterfly (Vanessa itea)2019-07-31T01:36:35Z<p>Move page script: Move page script moved page Yellow Admiral butterfly (Vanessa itea) to Phil Bendle Collection:Yellow Admiral butterfly (Vanessa itea) without leaving a redirect</p>
<hr />
<div><div><br />
<br />
<div id="main"><br />
<br />
'''Kingdom''': Animalia<br /><br />
'''Phylum: '''Arthropoda<br /><br />
'''Class''': Insecta<br /><br />
'''Order: '''Lepidoptera<br /><br />
'''Family: '''Nymphalidae<br /><br />
'''Subfamily: '''Nymphalinae<br /><br />
'''Genus: '''Vanessa<br /><br />
'''Species: '''V. itea<br /><br />
'''Binomial name''': Vanessa itea<br /><br />
'''Synonym''': Bassaris itea<br /><br />
'''Common name:''' Yellow Admiral, kahukowhai <br />
<br />
The Yellow Admiral (Vanessa itea) is a butterfly native to Australia, New Zealand, Lord Howe and Norfolk Islands. The Maori name is kahukowhai, which means &quot;yellow cloak&quot;. It is a medium-sized butterfly, with a variable wingspan of 48 to 55mm in New Zealand. The upper side of the forewings are dark brown to black toward the outer edges, with three small white patches and a wide, bright yellow bar, and dull red nearer the body. The rear wings are dull red with a black border and a row of black circles with light blue centres near the edge. The underwings are very different - the rear wing is various shades of brown with cryptic, irregular markings; the underside of the forewing has a blue 'eye' on a black background that is highlighted by a yellow area above and below. There is no colouration or wing marking differences between sexes.<br /><br />
Yellow Admirals are relatively common throughout their range wherever their food plants occur. They appear from October to March. They prefer open country, wastelands and gardens where stinging nettles, Urtica incisa and Urtica urens are present. It is found at up to 1000m above sea level. It is a strong, fast flier, and is thought to survive wind-blown travel from Australia to New Zealand, across the Tasman Sea.<br />
<br />
Mating which occurs late afternoons or early evenings is preceded by a period of active chasing by the male. Ovipositing usually follows after 24 hours. Its eggs are light green, vertically ribbed and barrels shaped and are less than 1mm in diameter. They are usually laid singly, sometimes in pairs, onto the nettle leaves that the larva will eat. They hatch after 8-9 days.<br /><br />
The caterpillars vary from black to grey, yellow-green or brown, with lighter coloured lines and spots running laterally along its back. They are covered in several rows of spiny protrusions. They have six true legs and ten prolegs. They prefer to eat the nettles, Urtica incisa, Urtica urens. They feed at night; during the day they hide in a curled leaves that they have tied together with silk for protection from predators. They grow to about &gt;36mm long before pupating. The larval stage is about 6-7 weeks.<br /><br />
The irregular-shaped pupa is about 15-20mm long and is of grey or brownish in colour. They have sharp bumps and has two white/silver spots on each side. Sometimes the pupa can have gold patches, and occasionally the complete pupa is a metallic gold. Metamorphosis takes about 12-14 days till the butterfly emerges.<br />
<br />
The caterpillar predators are the praying mantis, wasps, soldier bug, and spiders. The pupae are sometimes infected by the parasitic wasps, Echthromorpha intricatoria (White-spotted Ichneumon wasp) and Pteromalus puparum which was introduced in 1932 in an attempt to control the spread of the cabbage white butterfly.<br />
<br />
The flight period of the adult covers all the warmer months of the year and so varies with location. Individuals may live for several months. The adults feed on nectar from available flowers and ripe fruit and sometimes sap seepage from trees. Normally the last of the season’s brood survive as larvae until the next season, but in some areas, it survives as a dormant adult over winter.<br />
<br />
For more information visit http://nzbutterfly.info/resident/yellow-admiral/ <br />
<br />
[http://ketenewplymouth.peoplesnetworknz.info/image_files/0000/0011/3273/1-Yellow_Admiral_butterfly_Vanessa_itea.JPG]<br /><br />
<br />
<br />
Sitting with its wings together.<br /><br />
[http://ketenewplymouth.peoplesnetworknz.info/image_files/0000/0011/3293/1-Yellow_Admiral_butterfly_Vanessa_itea-005.JPG]<br />
<br />
[http://ketenewplymouth.peoplesnetworknz.info/image_files/0000/0004/1379/Vanessa_itea__Yellow_admiral-002.JPG]<br /><br />
<br /><br />
The underside of Yellow Admiral[http://ketenewplymouth.peoplesnetworknz.info/image_files/0000/0002/9924/Vanessa_itea__Yellow_Admiral__kahukowhai-001.JPG]<br />
<br />
The butterfly's compound eyes and its proboscis (galea).used for feeding on nectar.<br /><br />
[http://ketenewplymouth.peoplesnetworknz.info/image_files/0000/0007/4514/Vanessa_itea-011.JPG]<br /><br />
<br />
<br />
Caterpillar (dark variety) <br /><br />
[http://ketenewplymouth.peoplesnetworknz.info/image_files/0000/0002/9934/Caterpillar_of_iVanessa_itea__Yellow_Admiral__kahukowhai-011.JPG] <br /><br />
<br /><br />
When the caterpillar (larva) is fully grown, hormones are produced to stop it eating. It begins to crawl inquest of a suitable pupation site. Before pupating, it will spend up to 2 days head-down with its anal legs attached to a silken pad while internal transformation takes place.<br /><br />
[http://ketenewplymouth.peoplesnetworknz.info/image_files/0000/0013/4958/1-Yellow_Admiral_butterfly_chrysalis__4_.jpg]<br /><br />
<br /><br />
As the larva stretches, a split appears on its back and gradually extends as the old skin peels revealing a green chrysalis underneath. Where once there was a row of bristles tubercles now stand. It will now pupate for 2-3 weeks.<br /><br />
[http://ketenewplymouth.peoplesnetworknz.info/image_files/0000/0013/4963/1-Yellow_Admiral_butterfly_chrysalis__5_.jpg]<br />
<br />
The caterpillar’s redundant tissues are now consumed by its own digestive juices, leaving only a few crucial cells called histoblasts which have lain dormant, until now. These histoblasts obey hormonal instructions and begin to mutate, creating many different tissues and organs the future butterfly will need. First to arise is the ectoderm, which develops into the skin, brain, mouthparts, the lens and retina of the eye and the nervous system. Cells in the endoderm form the digestive and respiratory tracts, while the mesoderm cells provide the butterflies musculature, excretory and circulatory systems. When the butterfly is ready the pupa splits and the emerging wet, wrinkled adult hangs upside down while haemolymph is slowly pumped into its wings.<br /><br />
[http://ketenewplymouth.peoplesnetworknz.info/image_files/0000/0013/4953/1-Yellow_Admiral_butterfly_chrysalis__3_.jpg]<br /><br />
<br />
<br />
Thanks to Wikipedia for text and Information: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-----<br />
<br />
<br />
</div><br />
<br />
</div><br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Butterflies]]<br />
[[Category:Phil Bendle Collection]]</div>Move page scripthttps://citscihub.nz/w/index.php?title=Phil_Bendle_Collection:Yellowhammer_(Emberiza_citronella)&diff=6732Phil Bendle Collection:Yellowhammer (Emberiza citronella)2019-07-31T01:36:35Z<p>Move page script: Move page script moved page Yellowhammer (Emberiza citronella) to Phil Bendle Collection:Yellowhammer (Emberiza citronella) without leaving a redirect</p>
<hr />
<div><div><br />
<br />
<div id="main"><br />
<br />
'''Kingdom:''' Animalia<br /><br />
'''Phylum:''' Chordata<br /><br />
'''Class:''' Aves<br /><br />
'''Order:''' Passeriformes<br /><br />
'''Family:''' Emberizidae<br /><br />
'''Genus:''' Emberiza<br /><br />
'''Species:''' E. citrinella<br /><br />
'''Binomial name''': Emberiza citronella<br /><br />
'''Common names:''' Yellowhammer<br />
<br />
The Yellowhammer, Emberiza citrinella, is a passerine bird in the bunting family Emberizidae. It is common in all sorts of open areas with some scrub or trees and forms small flocks in winter.<br /><br />
The Yellowhammer is a robust 15.5–17 cm long bird, with a thick seed-eater's bill. The male has a bright yellow head, yellow underparts, and a heavily streaked brown back. The female is much duller, and more streaked below. <br /><br />
Its natural diet consists of insects when feeding young, and otherwise seeds. The nest is on the ground. 3-6 eggs are laid.<br /><br />
It is most commonly found on lowland arable and mixed farmland, probably due to the greater availability of seeds. It nests in hedges, patches of scrub, and ditches, especially if these have a wide grass margin next to them and a cereal crop next to the margin. Hedges of up to two metres tall are preferred, and they will not nest until it is in full leaf, building the nest next to the hedge if it is built before this. In winter, the flocks feed at good seed sites, such as newly-sown fields and over-wintered stubbles. The Yellowhammer was introduced to New Zealand in 1862 and is now common and widespread here.<br />
<br />
[http://ketenewplymouth.peoplesnetworknz.info/image_files/0000/0002/3099/Yellowhammer__Emberiza_citronella_-12.JPG]<br />
<br />
[http://ketenewplymouth.peoplesnetworknz.info/image_files/0000/0002/3104/Yellowhammer__Emberiza_citronella_-13.JPG] <br /><br />
<br /><br />
Thanks to Wikipedia for text and information https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-----<br />
<br />
<br />
</div><br />
<br />
</div><br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Birds (Land and Estuaries)]]<br />
[[Category:Phil Bendle Collection]]</div>Move page scripthttps://citscihub.nz/w/index.php?title=Phil_Bendle_Collection:Yellowhead_(Mohoua_achrocephala)&diff=6733Phil Bendle Collection:Yellowhead (Mohoua achrocephala)2019-07-31T01:36:35Z<p>Move page script: Move page script moved page Yellowhead (Mohoua achrocephala) to Phil Bendle Collection:Yellowhead (Mohoua achrocephala) without leaving a redirect</p>
<hr />
<div><div><br />
<br />
<div id="main"><br />
<br />
'''Kingdom:''' Animalia<br /><br />
'''Phylum:''' Chordata<br /><br />
'''Class:''' Aves<br /><br />
'''Order:''' Passeriformes<br /><br />
'''Family:''' Mohouidae<br /><br />
'''Genus:''' Mohoua<br /><br />
'''Species:''' M. achrocephala<br /><br />
'''Binomial name''': Mohoua achrocephala<br /><br />
'''Common name:''' Yellowhead / Mohua<br />
<br />
Yellowhead (Mohoua achrocephala) is a protected, threatened, endemic bird found only in the South Island, mainly found in the beech forests of Eglington Valley, Arthur's pass, Mt Aspiring National Park and the Catlins area where a quarter of the population live. Their numbers have declined dramatically in the early 20th century due to the introduction of black rats and mustelids. The females when nesting is the ones most often taken.<br /><br />
Yellowheads are 15 cm long and are an olive green colour and have a yellow head and chest. They feed on arachnids, invertebrates and seeds.<br /><br />
Breeding occurs during October to December with a grass or moss nest built in a hole in a tree. Up to four pinkish eggs are laid. They are incubated by the female for about 20 days.<br />
<br />
<br /><br />
<br /><br />
Thanks to Wikipedia for text and information https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-----<br />
<br />
<br />
</div><br />
<br />
</div><br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Birds (Land and Estuaries)]]<br />
[[Category:Phil Bendle Collection]]</div>Move page scripthttps://citscihub.nz/w/index.php?title=Phil_Bendle_Collection:Yucca_gigantea_(Spineless_yucca)&diff=6734Phil Bendle Collection:Yucca gigantea (Spineless yucca)2019-07-31T01:36:35Z<p>Move page script: Move page script moved page Yucca gigantea (Spineless yucca) to Phil Bendle Collection:Yucca gigantea (Spineless yucca) without leaving a redirect</p>
<hr />
<div><div><br />
<br />
<div id="main"><br />
<br />
'''Kingdom:''' Plantae<br /><br />
'''Clade''': Angiosperms<br /><br />
'''Clade:''' Monocots<br /><br />
'''Order:''' Asparagales<br /><br />
'''Family:''' Asparagaceae<br /><br />
'''Subfamily:''' Agavoideae<br /><br />
'''Genus''': Yucca<br /><br />
'''Species:''' Y. gigantea<br /><br />
'''Binomial name:''' Yucca gigantea<br /><br />
'''Synonyms:''' Dracaena lennei, Dracaena yuccoides, Sarcoyucca elephantipes, Yucca eleana, Yucca elephantipes, Yucca elephantipes var. ghiesbreghtii, Yucca ghiesbreghtii, Yucca guatemalensis, Yucca lenneana, Yucca mazelii, Yucca mooreana, Yucca roezlii<br /><br />
'''Common names''': Giant yucca, Spineless yucca, Flor de Izote, Izote, Soft-tip yucca, Blue-stem yucca, Itabo, Globose crowned tree, Elephant yucca, Palm Lily, Spanish dagger, Spanish bayonet, Elephants' feet, Guatemala yucca<br />
<br />
Yucca gigantea is an arborescent monocot. It is a species of yucca native to Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua and the eastern part of Mexico. It is now grown worldwide and in New Zealand is an occasional indoor or outdoor plant. There are several wild collections here in New Zealand probably from the dumping of garden waste.<br />
<br />
Yucca gigantea is the tallest of the Yucca species and can grow up to 9 m in height, with a spread to 4.5 m. It may have a thick, single trunk or be multitrunked resulting from a thickened, inflated, trunk-like lower base similar to an elephant's foot, hence some of its common names.<br /><br />
The glossy green leaves are 60-120 cm long and about 5-7.5 cm wide and grow in a spiral columnar rosette. They are strap-like, firm to rigid and they have a 5-10 mm long, soft green tip. Most other species of yucca have sharp spine-tipped leaves. The leaves margins can be smooth or rough with obscure teeth.<br /><br />
<br /><br />
During summer Yucca gigantea develops above the foliage within the rosette of leaves a paniculated inflorescence on a &gt;1 m stalk. The creamy white bell-shaped flowers are arranged along a single central axis. The flowers style is short and oblong. <br /><br />
It is the national flower (Flor de Izote) of El Salvador. It is a popular edible flower in Guatemala where it is used in some local dishes, especially mixed with scrambled eggs. Its flavour can be a bit bitter and it is definitely an acquired taste.<br /><br />
Unlike some species of yucca, Yucca gigantea does not die after flowering.<br />
<br />
Flowering is followed by brown, fleshy fruits which are oval and up to 2.5 cm long. The seeds are nearly circular and are 8-10 mm in diameter and are not winged.<br />
<br />
[http://ketenewplymouth.peoplesnetworknz.info/image_files/0000/0013/2108/1-Yucca_gigantea.JPG]<br />
<br />
[http://ketenewplymouth.peoplesnetworknz.info/image_files/0000/0013/2113/1-Yucca_gigantea-001.JPG]<br />
<br />
Thanks to Wikipedia for text and information: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0<br /><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-----<br />
<br />
<br />
</div><br />
<br />
</div><br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Plants (Exotic)]]<br />
[[Category:Phil Bendle Collection]]</div>Move page scripthttps://citscihub.nz/w/index.php?title=Phil_Bendle_Collection:Yucca_gloriosa_(Spanish_dagger)&diff=6735Phil Bendle Collection:Yucca gloriosa (Spanish dagger)2019-07-31T01:36:35Z<p>Move page script: Move page script moved page Yucca gloriosa (Spanish dagger) to Phil Bendle Collection:Yucca gloriosa (Spanish dagger) without leaving a redirect</p>
<hr />
<div><div><br />
<br />
<div id="main"><br />
<br />
'''Kingdom:''' Plantae<br /><br />
'''Clade:''' Angiosperms<br /><br />
'''Clade:''' Monocots<br /><br />
'''Order:''' Asparagales<br /><br />
'''Family:''' Asparagaceae<br /><br />
'''Subfamily''': Agavoideae<br /><br />
'''Genus:''' Yucca<br /><br />
'''Species:''' Y. gloriosa<br /><br />
'''Binomial name:''' Yucca gloriosa<br /><br />
'''Common names:''' Spanish dagger, Adam's needle, Lord's candlestick, Mound lily, Palm Lily, Roman candle, Sea Islands yucca, Soft-tipped yucca, Spanish bayonet, Tree lily, Curve Leaf Yucca, Pendulous Yucca, Weeping Yucca,<br />
<br />
Yucca gloriosa is a medium-sized species of flowering plant occurring naturally in coastal sand dunes from North Carolina to Florida. It is also widely cultivated as an ornamental worldwide. There are many forms and hybrids.<br /><br />
In autumn it usually has a single panicle up to 2.5 m long, topped by a cluster of nodding, bell-shaped cream sometimes tinged purple or red flowers.<br /><br />
The glaucous, dark green leaves are spine-tipped, stiff and are up to 60cm in length and 2-3.5 cm wide. The entire margins are smooth but they can be rarely finely denticulate. The plant can grow to heights above 5 m.<br /><br />
Fruit is a leathery, elongate berry up to 8 cm long.<br />
<br />
Yucca gloriosa has been known to cause skin irritation and even allergic reactions upon contact. The leaf points are even sharp enough to break the skin.<br />
<br />
[http://ketenewplymouth.peoplesnetworknz.info/image_files/0000/0009/0958/Yucca_gloriosa__Spanish_Dagger.JPG]<br />
[http://ketenewplymouth.peoplesnetworknz.info/image_files/0000/0009/0963/Yucca_gloriosa__Spanish_Dagger-001.JPG]<br />
<br />
[http://ketenewplymouth.peoplesnetworknz.info/image_files/0000/0009/0968/Yucca_gloriosa__Spanish_Dagger-002.JPG]<br />
<br />
Thanks to Wikipedia for text and information: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/<br /><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-----<br />
<br />
<br />
</div><br />
<br />
</div><br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Plants (Exotic)]]<br />
[[Category:Phil Bendle Collection]]</div>Move page scripthttps://citscihub.nz/w/index.php?title=Phil_Bendle_Collection:Worms_(Family_Lumbricidae)_Unnamed&diff=6714Phil Bendle Collection:Worms (Family Lumbricidae) Unnamed2019-07-31T01:36:35Z<p>Move page script: Move page script moved page Worms (Family Lumbricidae) Unnamed to Phil Bendle Collection:Worms (Family Lumbricidae) Unnamed without leaving a redirect</p>
<hr />
<div><div><br />
<br />
<div id="main"><br />
<br />
'''Kingdom:''' Animalia<br /><br />
'''Phylum:''' Annelida<br /><br />
'''Class:''' Clitellata<br /><br />
'''Subclass:''' Oligochaeta<br /><br />
'''Order:''' Haplotaxida<br /><br />
'''Family:''' Lumbricidae<br /><br />
<br /><br />
The Lumbricidae are a family of earthworms which includes most of the earthworm species well-known to Europeans. About 33 lumbricid species have become naturalized around the world.<br /><br />
New Zealand has at least 171 species of native earthworms and 23 non-native species.<br />
<br />
Photos below are of an 18 cm unnamed species found in New Plymouth.<br /><br />
<br />
<br />
[http://ketenewplymouth.peoplesnetworknz.info/image_files/0000/0008/9288/Earthworm__Family_Lumbricidae-001.JPG]<br />
<br />
[http://ketenewplymouth.peoplesnetworknz.info/image_files/0000/0008/9293/Earthworm__Family_Lumbricidae-002.JPG]<br />
<br />
[http://ketenewplymouth.peoplesnetworknz.info/image_files/0000/0008/9298/Earthworm__Family_Lumbricidae-003.JPG]<br />
<br />
Thanks to Wikipedia for text and information: [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/%20 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ ]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-----<br />
<br />
<br />
</div><br />
<br />
</div><br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Snails, Slugs and Worms]]<br />
[[Category:Phil Bendle Collection]]</div>Move page scripthttps://citscihub.nz/w/index.php?title=Phil_Bendle_Collection:Worms_(Family_Megascolecidae)_Native&diff=6715Phil Bendle Collection:Worms (Family Megascolecidae) Native2019-07-31T01:36:35Z<p>Move page script: Move page script moved page Worms (Family Megascolecidae) Native to Phil Bendle Collection:Worms (Family Megascolecidae) Native without leaving a redirect</p>
<hr />
<div><div><br />
<br />
<div id="main"><br />
<br />
'''Kingdom:''' Animalia<br /><br />
'''Phylum:''' '''Annelida<br /><br />
Class:''' Clitellata<br /><br />
'''Subclass:''' Oligochaeta<br /><br />
'''Order:''' Haplotaxida <br /><br />
'''Suborder:''' Lumbricina <br /><br />
'''Family:''' Megascolecidae (a large family of earthworms)<br />
<br />
New Zealand has an unusual native earthworm fauna consisting of about 173 species. Many of them are related to native worms of southern South America, the Falkland Islands, southern South Africa, New Caledonia and Australia and it is thought they arrived here as migrations which occurred across Gondwana land.<br /><br />
The native earthworms apparently arrived in New Zealand in two waves.<br /><br />
The acanthodrilids probably arrived in the Cretaceous period (65–145 million years ago).<br /><br />
The megascolecids came in the Tertiary period (1.8 million–65 million years ago).<br /><br />
A megascolecidae worm is a native worm found in forest soils. Some species live in leaf litter, others burrow in the topsoil and forage on litter, and some live in the subsoil and eat soil and dead roots.<br />
<br />
<div><br />
<br />
The worm in the photos was found at Adams Point on the Henui Walkway.<br />
<br />
[http://ketenewplymouth.peoplesnetworknz.info/image_files/0000/0001/0129/Megascolecidae__native_worms-3.JPG]<br />
<br />
</div><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
A cycle of an earthworm<br /><br />
<br />
<br />
Thanks to Wikipedia for text and information: [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/%20 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ ]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-----<br />
<br />
<br />
</div><br />
<br />
</div><br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Snails, Slugs and Worms]]<br />
[[Category:Phil Bendle Collection]]</div>Move page scripthttps://citscihub.nz/w/index.php?title=Phil_Bendle_Collection:Worms_(Horsehair_worms)_Gordius_species&diff=6716Phil Bendle Collection:Worms (Horsehair worms) Gordius species2019-07-31T01:36:35Z<p>Move page script: Move page script moved page Worms (Horsehair worms) Gordius species to Phil Bendle Collection:Worms (Horsehair worms) Gordius species without leaving a redirect</p>
<hr />
<div><div><br />
<br />
<div id="main"><br />
<br />
'''Kingdom''': Animalia<br /><br />
'''Clade:''' Nematodes<br /><br />
'''Phylum:''' Nematomorpha<br /><br />
'''Genus:''' Gordius species<br /><br />
'''Common names:''' Horsehair worms, Gordian worms<br />
<br />
Horsehair worms of the phylum Nematomorpha are parasitoid animals whose larvae are parasitic on terrestrial arthropods, such as beetles, wetas, cockroaches, crickets and millipedes. They range in size from 50 to extreme cases up to 2 metres and are 1 to 3 millimetres in diameter. The adult worms are free-living in damp areas and can be found in fresh shallow water areas like ponds, troughs and swamps.<br />
<br />
A conservative estimate suggests that there may be about 2000 freshwater species worldwide.<br /><br />
The adult worms possess an external cuticle without cilia. Internally, they have only longitudinal muscle, a non-functional gut and sexual organs. They have no excretory, respiratory or circulatory systems.<br /><br />
Reproductively, they are dioecious, with the internal fertilisation of eggs that are then laid in gelatinous strings. It depends on water temperature when the eggs hatch. It can vary from 2 to 12 weeks.<br /><br />
The tiny larvae live in the water after hatching and are ingested with water when insects drink. Once inside a host insect, the larva penetrates the insect’s gut and enters its body cavity. Here they digest and absorbs the surrounding tissue. In two to three months when they become adults they escape from the host by boring through the insect’s exoskeleton. It is interesting that the mature worms affect the brains of the hosts, forcing them to enter the water where the worm emerges for the aquatic breeding stage.<br />
<br />
It is presumed that they are harmless to humans.<br />
<br />
A photo of a 34 cm long.adult horsehair worm of the Gordius species found in the Pureora Forest Park.<br /><br />
[http://ketenewplymouth.peoplesnetworknz.info/image_files/0000/0011/3473/1_Horsehair_worm_1.JPG] <br />
<br />
Photo of the same worm as in the above photo.<br /><br />
[http://ketenewplymouth.peoplesnetworknz.info/image_files/0000/0011/3483/1-Horsehair_worm.JPG]<br /><br />
<br /><br />
A muddy rain filled pool on a track in the Pureora Forest Park that was infested with horsetail worms.<br /><br />
[http://ketenewplymouth.peoplesnetworknz.info/image_files/0000/0011/3478/1-Horsetail_infected_pool_2_n.jpg] <br />
<br />
A video of escaping adultsVIDEO <br />
<br />
Thanks to Wikipedia for text and Information: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-----<br />
<br />
<br />
</div><br />
<br />
</div><br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Snails, Slugs and Worms]]<br />
[[Category:Phil Bendle Collection]]</div>Move page scripthttps://citscihub.nz/w/index.php?title=Phil_Bendle_Collection:Worms_(Roundworms_)_Leaf_Eelworm&diff=6717Phil Bendle Collection:Worms (Roundworms ) Leaf Eelworm2019-07-31T01:36:35Z<p>Move page script: Move page script moved page Worms (Roundworms ) Leaf Eelworm to Phil Bendle Collection:Worms (Roundworms ) Leaf Eelworm without leaving a redirect</p>
<hr />
<div><div><br />
<br />
<div id="main"><br />
<br />
'''Kingdom:''' Animalia<br /><br />
'''Subkingdom:''' Eumetazoa<br /><br />
'''(unranked):''' Bilateria<br /><br />
'''Phylum''': Nematoda<br /><br />
'''Common name:''' Leaf Eelworm, Eelworm.<br />
<br />
These tiny eelworms are about one to two millimetres long just visible against a dark background. There are thousands of eelworms (nematodes) species worldwide, a small proportion are plant parasites attacking roots, bulbs, corms, leaves, stems and buds. Plants most susceptible to leaf eelworm infections include ferns all varieties of African violet, chrysanthemums and buddleia shrubs. Eelworm infestation becomes apparent during the late summer season and autumn.<br /><br />
The symptoms of feeding eelworms are discolouration or distortion of tissues which may kill affected tissues or whole plants. Discoloured angular blotches on leaves are characteristically contained within the patterns of the veins.<br /><br />
Leaf eelworms infestations may be confirmed by crush the leaves and put them into a glass filled with clean water. If there are any live eelworms, they will start surfacing in the container in about 30 minutes. Some eelworms might sink to the bottom of the glass. This test is not exact and is only useful in detecting developed, mature eelworms.<br />
<br />
Most plant-parasitic species under a microscope resemble eels with blunt heads and a mouth-spear.<br /><br />
[http://www.terrain.net.nz/uploads/images/Te%20Henui/Faunatwo/1-A_juvenile_root-knot_nematode_(Meloidogyne_incognita)_penetrates_a_tomato_root_-_USDA-ARS.jpg]<br />
<br />
The top surface of an infected fern[http://ketenewplymouth.peoplesnetworknz.info/image_files/0000/0001/1109/Nematoda__Leaf_Eelworm-1.JPG]<br />
<br />
An infected fern leaves undersurface.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-----<br />
<br />
<br />
</div><br />
<br />
</div><br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Snails, Slugs and Worms]]<br />
[[Category:Phil Bendle Collection]]</div>Move page scripthttps://citscihub.nz/w/index.php?title=Phil_Bendle_Collection:Worms_(Tiger)_Eisenia_fetida&diff=6718Phil Bendle Collection:Worms (Tiger) Eisenia fetida2019-07-31T01:36:35Z<p>Move page script: Move page script moved page Worms (Tiger) Eisenia fetida to Phil Bendle Collection:Worms (Tiger) Eisenia fetida without leaving a redirect</p>
<hr />
<div><div><br />
<br />
<div id="main"><br />
<br />
'''Kingdom:''' Animalia<br /><br />
'''Phylum:''' Annelida<br /><br />
'''Class:''' Clitellata<br /><br />
'''Order:''' Haplotaxida<br /><br />
'''Family''': Lumbricidae<br /><br />
'''Genus:''' Eisenia<br /><br />
'''Species:''' E. foetida<br /><br />
'''Binomial name:''' Eisenia fetida<br /><br />
'''Synonym:''' Eisenia foetida<br /><br />
'''Common names:''' Tiger worm, Redworm, Brandling worm, Panfish worm, Trout worm, Red wiggler worm, Dung worm,<br /><br />
Stink worm.<br />
<br />
Eisenia fetida is a species of earthworm adapted to decaying organic material. They are native to Europe but have been introduced to every other continent except Antarctica.<br /><br />
These worms thrive in rotting vegetation, compost, and manure. They are epigean. Epigeic worms live on the surface of the soil or in the top 20 cm or so under the litter layer.<br /><br />
Eisenia fetida worms are used for vermicomposting and are the most common worms in compost bins. They can eat their body weight in food each day.<br /><br />
Eisenia fetida obtains a length of 35-130mm and have a diameter of 3-5mm. The body can have 80-120 alternating red and yellow segments. There are groups of bristles (called setae) on each segment that move in and out to grip nearby surfaces as the worms stretch and contract their muscles to push themselves forward or backwards.<br /><br />
Like other worms they are hermaphroditic. However, two worms are still required for reproduction. The two worms join clitella, they are the large light coloured bands and contain the worms reproductive organs, they are only prominent during the reproduction process. The two worms exchange sperm. Both worms then secrete lemon-shaped cocoons which contain several eggs each. These cocoons are pale yellow at first, becoming more brownish as the worms inside become mature. The average incubation period is between 32 and 73 days. The newly hatched worms become mature and breed after 8 to 10 weeks. Worms can lay two to three cocoons per week for 6 months to a year.<br />
<br />
[http://ketenewplymouth.peoplesnetworknz.info/image_files/0000/0008/4483/DSC04470.JPG]<br /><br />
<br />
<br />
[http://ketenewplymouth.peoplesnetworknz.info/image_files/0000/0001/7349/Tiger_worm_Eisenia_fetida.JPG]<br />
<br />
Compost worms at work.<br /><br />
[http://ketenewplymouth.peoplesnetworknz.info/image_files/0000/0008/4478/Tiger_worms-003.JPG]<br />
<br />
Thanks to Wikipedia for text and information: [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/%20 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ ]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-----<br />
<br />
<br />
</div><br />
<br />
</div><br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Snails, Slugs and Worms]]<br />
[[Category:Phil Bendle Collection]]</div>Move page scripthttps://citscihub.nz/w/index.php?title=Phil_Bendle_Collection:Wren_(Rifleman)_Acanthisitta_chloris&diff=6719Phil Bendle Collection:Wren (Rifleman) Acanthisitta chloris2019-07-31T01:36:35Z<p>Move page script: Move page script moved page Wren (Rifleman) Acanthisitta chloris to Phil Bendle Collection:Wren (Rifleman) Acanthisitta chloris without leaving a redirect</p>
<hr />
<div><div><br />
<br />
<div id="main"><br />
<br />
'''Kingdom:''' Animalia<br /><br />
'''Phylum:''' Chordata<br /><br />
'''Class:''' Aves<br /><br />
'''Order:''' Passeriformes<br /><br />
'''Suborder''': Acanthisitti<br /><br />
'''Family:''' Acanthisittidae<br /><br />
'''Genus:''' Acanthisitta<br /><br />
'''Species:''' A. chloris<br /><br />
'''Binomial name:''' Acanthisitta chloris<br /><br />
'''Common name:''' Rifleman, Tītipounamu<br />
<br />
The Acanthisitta chloris consists of two subspecies and they are New Zealand's smallest endemic bird, with fully grown adults reaching around 8 cm. The South Island subspecies is Acanthisitta chloris chloris and the North Island subspecies is Acanthisitta chloris granti. The rock wren and rifleman are the only two surviving New Zealand wrens. <br />
<br />
The male Acanthisitta chloris is bright green on the dorsal side while the female is of a more sombre brownish tone and her head and back are flecked with ochre. Male birds typically weigh around 6 g, females 7 g. Both birds are white on their under surfaces and have white eyebrow stripes. They have short, rounded wings, a very short tail, and a long thin awl-like bill which is slightly upturned for insertion into cracks. The Rifleman flies quickly with a wing beat producing a characteristic humming sound like a hummingbird.<br />
<br />
The true habitat of this bird is thinly wooded forests. The North Island Rifleman, granti is sparsely distributed in forests south of the Waikato and has been rediscovered in Te Waipoua forest in Northland. It is common on Little Barrier and Great Barrier Islands. In the South Island subspecies, Acanthisitta chloris chloris is found in high altitude beech forest or lowland areas with podocarp forest. It is not in Taranaki.<br />
<br />
The Acanthisitta chloris is insectivorous and searches for maggots and small insects on tree trunks and among leaf litter on the forest floor. The bird begins its search from the base of a tree and climbs up it progressively, spiralling up around the trunk. Upon finishing its search of a particular tree, the bird glides to the foot of a neighbouring tree and begins its search again.<br />
<br />
Acanthisittids build their nest in rock fissures, holes in tree trunks, or even in cavities in the ground. The nest entrance is often so narrow that the bird struggles to get inside. The nest most commonly has a dome shape and is finely interwoven with blades of grass, down feathers and other kinds of light material. Brooding lasts 13–15 days with the female laying 4-5 eggs. Two broods per year are common.<br />
<br />
[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C-FtfCgqxy0 T]he South Island Acanthisitta chloris chloris<br />
<br />
A video of the rifleman<br /><br />
VIDEO <br />
<br />
Thanks to Wikipedia for text and information https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-----<br />
<br />
<br />
</div><br />
<br />
</div><br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Birds (Land and Estuaries)]]<br />
[[Category:Phil Bendle Collection]]</div>Move page scripthttps://citscihub.nz/w/index.php?title=Phil_Bendle_Collection:Wren_(Rock)_Xenicus_gilviventris&diff=6720Phil Bendle Collection:Wren (Rock) Xenicus gilviventris2019-07-31T01:36:35Z<p>Move page script: Move page script moved page Wren (Rock) Xenicus gilviventris to Phil Bendle Collection:Wren (Rock) Xenicus gilviventris without leaving a redirect</p>
<hr />
<div><div><br />
<br />
<div id="main"><br />
<br />
'''Kingdom:''' Animalia<br /><br />
'''Phylum:''' Chordata<br /><br />
'''Class:''' Aves<br /><br />
'''Order:''' Passeriformes<br /><br />
'''Suborder:''' Acanthisitti<br /><br />
'''Family:''' Acanthisittidae<br /><br />
'''Genus:''' Xenicus<br /><br />
'''Species:''' X. gilviventris<br /><br />
'''Binomial name:''' Xenicus gilviventris<br /><br />
'''Common name:''' New Zealand rock wren, rock wren, South Island wren, pīwauwau, mātuitui, tuke.<br />
<br />
Xenicus gilviventris is a small New Zealand wren endemic to the South Island of New Zealand. The rock wren is currently restricted to alpine and subalpine areas (900–2500 m altitude) of the Southern Alps, the TasmanMountains of Northwest Nelson, and the Victoria Range of Westland, all in the South Island.<br /><br />
It is a poor flier and highly terrestrial, feeding in low scrub, open scree, and rock falls. The rock wren and rifleman are the only two surviving New Zealand wrens. Its current alpine distribution is a habitat where few rodents can survive. Their preferred habitat is close to the tree line, amongst rock falls, scree, fellfield, and low scrub. Rock wrens, unlike many alpine birds, do not migrate to lower elevations in winter, instead, they seem to shelter and forage in rock falls beneath the snow layer.<br />
<br />
The rock wren is a very small, almost tailless bird that prefers to hop and run on its long legs, and uses its rounded wings to fly only short distances. They rarely fly more than 2 m off the ground or for distances of more than 30 m. Males are 16 g, females 20 g. Males are greenish with yellow flanks and a pale underside, females tend to be browner, although the degree of difference between the sexes varies geographically. airs maintain a year-round territory and work together to build a large enclosed nest with an entrance tunnel. The nest is lined with feathers, often from other species of birds. Guthrie-Smith recovered 791 feathers from one nest in the 1930s, most from weka, but including some kiwi, kakapo, kea, and kereru. Rock wrens are such assiduous collectors of feathers that their nests have been checked for kakapo feathers, to determine if those endangered parrots are in the area. Three eggs are laid in late spring and incubated for three weeks. Chicks take about 24 days to fledge and are fed for at least 4 weeks. Rock wrens mostly eat invertebrates on the ground, but will sometimes take berries and seeds, and even nectar from flax flowers.<br />
<br />
'''Source: 1 NEWS 16/12/2017<br /><br />
'''It has been reported by the Department of Conservation that the number of critically endangered New Zealand alpine birds are back on the rise thanks to the large-scale poisoning of its rat and stoat predators.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
The reclusive rock wren/tuke has recently been spotted in greater numbers at all monitoring sites in Kahurangi National Park on the West Coast.<br /><br />
Its success was a tick of approval for the department's Battle for our Birds aerial 1080 poisoning drop aimed at predators, scientist Dr Graeme Elliott says.<br /><br />
The department this year ran 23 operations with 1080 across 440,000 hectares.<br /><br />
&quot;At one site in the Grange Range, we've seen adult birds increase by more than 300 percent in the last three years,&quot; Dr Elliott said.<br /><br />
&quot;In the area with no predator control, rock wren numbers declined by 90 percent, until last year when we used aerial 1080 to avoid losing that population.&quot;<br /><br />
DOC's Battle for our Birds programme aims to suppress predators, such as rats, stoats and possums to protect the country's most at-risk native birds, bats, lizards, frogs, snails and plants.<br /><br />
In Kahurangi when monitoring began in 2014, 58 percent of rock wren nests produced young after aerial 1080 was dropped and 45 percent the following breeding season.<br /><br />
In areas without predator control, just 13 percent of nests were successful.<br /><br />
Like the rock wren, other species, including kiwi, kea, mohua/yellowhead, bats and native frogs, have also benefited from predator control programmes. This programme that covers about 750,000 hectares runs until July 2018. <br />
<br />
Xenicis gilviventris, showing distinctive green, yellow, and grey colouring. <br />
<br />
<br /><br />
Thanks to Wikipedia for text and information https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-----<br />
<br />
<br />
</div><br />
<br />
</div><br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Birds (Land and Estuaries)]]<br />
[[Category:Phil Bendle Collection]]</div>Move page scripthttps://citscihub.nz/w/index.php?title=Phil_Bendle_Collection:Wrybill_(Anarhynchus_frontalis)&diff=6721Phil Bendle Collection:Wrybill (Anarhynchus frontalis)2019-07-31T01:36:35Z<p>Move page script: Move page script moved page Wrybill (Anarhynchus frontalis) to Phil Bendle Collection:Wrybill (Anarhynchus frontalis) without leaving a redirect</p>
<hr />
<div><div><br />
<br />
<div id="main"><br />
<br />
'''Kingdom:''' Animalia<br /><br />
'''Phylum''': Chordata<br /><br />
'''Subphylum''': Vertebrata<br /><br />
'''Class:''' Aves<br /><br />
'''Order:''' Charadriiformes<br /><br />
'''Family:''' Charadriidae<br /><br />
'''Genus''': Anarhynchus<br /><br />
'''Species:''' A. frontalis<br /><br />
'''Binominal name:''' Anarhynchus frontalis<br /><br />
'''Synonym:''' Charadrius frontalis<br /><br />
'''Common names''': Wrybill, Wry-billed plover, ngutuparore<br />
<br />
Anarhynchus frontalis is a distinctive endemic wading bird, which possesses a uniquely bent bill. It is the only bird in the world which its whole bill is bent sideways. The black 3.2 cm bill is curved to the right in the middle, the end being offset at an angle of 12 degrees to the base. This adaptation allows these birds to forage under stones for insect larva on the shingle river-beds of Canterbury and Otago.<br /><br />
Anarhynchus frontalis is a small, plump plover, measuring 20 to 21 cm in length and weighing between 43 and 71 g. Its plumage is ash-grey above with white underparts. During the breeding season, individuals have a black band across the upper chest and males also have a band on the forehead. This plumage colouration makes the bird exceedingly difficult for predators to detect, especially the female who stays completely still on her nest<br /><br />
During late December till early February Wrybills leave the South Island and fly north to shallow estuaries and sheltered coastal areas in the North Island, returning to the South Island’s river shingle beds during August.<br /><br />
This species is listed as vulnerable because it has a small population, which is undergoing a continuing decline owing to habitat degradation and the impacts of introduced predators. Their greatest death toll is from stoats and weasels during the breeding season. Their chief bird enemies are harriers and black-backed gulls.<br />
<br />
[http://www.terrain.net.nz/uploads/images/Te%20Henui/Faunatwo/1-Anarhynchus_frontalis_1869.jpg] <br />
<br />
[http://www.terrain.net.nz/uploads/images/Te%20Henui/Faunatwo/1-Charadrius_frontalis_().jpg]<br />
<br />
A Wrybill nest of shingle and stones[http://www.terrain.net.nz/uploads/images/Te%20Henui/Faunatwo/1--Wrybill_eggs_2.jpg]<br />
<br />
A bird on the nest.<br /><br />
[http://www.terrain.net.nz/uploads/images/Te%20Henui/Faunatwo/1-Wrybill_sitting_on_eggs.jpg]<br />
<br />
Wrybills (Anarhynchus frontalis) spending the winter months on a mudflat in the Firth of Thames, Mirada, New Zealand. <br /><br />
[http://www.terrain.net.nz/uploads/images/Te%20Henui/Faunatwo/1-Wrybill%20Thames%20durubg%20summer.s.jpg]<br />
<br />
Thanks to Wikipedia for text and information: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-----<br />
<br />
<br />
</div><br />
<br />
</div><br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Birds (Land and Estuaries)]]<br />
[[Category:Phil Bendle Collection]]</div>Move page scripthttps://citscihub.nz/w/index.php?title=Phil_Bendle_Collection:Xanthium_spinosum_(Bathurst_burr)&diff=6722Phil Bendle Collection:Xanthium spinosum (Bathurst burr)2019-07-31T01:36:35Z<p>Move page script: Move page script moved page Xanthium spinosum (Bathurst burr) to Phil Bendle Collection:Xanthium spinosum (Bathurst burr) without leaving a redirect</p>
<hr />
<div><div><br />
<br />
<div id="main"><br />
<br />
'''Kingdom:''' Plantae<br /><br />
'''(unranked):''' Angiosperms<br /><br />
'''(unranked)''': Eudicots<br /><br />
'''(unranked):''' Asterids<br /><br />
'''Order:''' Asterales<br /><br />
'''Family:''' Asteraceae<br /><br />
'''Genus:''' Xanthium<br /><br />
'''Species''': X. spinosum<br /><br />
'''Binomial name:''' Xanthium spinosum<br /><br />
'''Synonyms''': Xanthium spinosum var. ambrosioides, Xanthium spinosum var. heterocephalum, Xanthium spinosum var. inermeBe<br /><br />
'''Common names''': Bathurst burr, Spiny cocklebur, Prickly burweed, <br />
<br />
Xanthium spinosum is a species of flowering plant in the aster family. It is known worldwide as a noxious weed of pastures, croplands, waterways, grasslands, waste areas, roadsides and disturbed sites. It is native to parts of South America. In New Zealand, it is found growing in fertile soils of the northern and eastern areas of the North Island. It is found in only a few scattered areas in the South Island. <br />
<br />
Xanthium spinosum is an erect, much branched annual herb producing a slender stem up to 1-2 metre tall. It is lined at intervals with very long, sharp, straight, yellowish spines which may exceed three centimetres in length and may divide into two or three separate spines<br /><br />
The alternately arranged leaves (&gt;12 cm long and &gt;30 mm wide) and are borne on stalks (petioles) up to 30 mm long. The lower leaves are usually irregularly three-lobed, or occasionally with five lobes, with the middle lobe much larger than the others. However, on upper leaves the side lobes may be insignificant or absent, thereby giving the leaf blade an elongated (lanceolate) shape. The leaf upper surfaces are dark green and shiny with prominent whitish-coloured veins, while their undersides are pale green or whitish in colour with a dense covering of downy hairs.<br /><br />
The plant produces small, creamy green male and female flower heads in December, January, February, March, April. The female heads developing into burs one or 1.5 centimetres long and covered in thin spines. The burs contain two seeds, one which germinates the first year, and the second the next year. The spiny burs are easily dispersed to new areas when they become attached to animals, clothing and vehicles, and objects, or float along watercourses, or in contaminated agricultural produce. Plants die off in early winter after producing burs. <br /><br />
Bur damage to sheep's wool reduces its value and they also break shearing combs. The plant’s spines damage the feet of stock. The plants, especially new seedlings, are toxic to livestock.<br />
<br />
[http://ketenewplymouth.peoplesnetworknz.info/image_files/0000/0013/5038/1-Xanthium_spinosum__Bathurst_burr_.jpg]<br /><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Thanks to Wikipedia for text and information: [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/%20 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ ]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-----<br />
<br />
<br />
</div><br />
<br />
</div><br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Weeds]]<br />
[[Category:Phil Bendle Collection]]</div>Move page scripthttps://citscihub.nz/w/index.php?title=Phil_Bendle_Collection:Xanthium_strumarium_(Rough_cocklebur)&diff=6723Phil Bendle Collection:Xanthium strumarium (Rough cocklebur)2019-07-31T01:36:35Z<p>Move page script: Move page script moved page Xanthium strumarium (Rough cocklebur) to Phil Bendle Collection:Xanthium strumarium (Rough cocklebur) without leaving a redirect</p>
<hr />
<div><div><br />
<br />
<div id="main"><br />
<br />
'''Kingdom:''' Plantae<br /><br />
'''(unranked):''' Angiosperms<br /><br />
'''(unranked):''' Eudicots<br /><br />
'''(unranked):''' Asterids<br /><br />
'''Order''': Asterales<br /><br />
'''Family:''' Asteraceae<br /><br />
'''Subfamily:''' Asteroideae<br /><br />
'''Tribe:''' Heliantheae<br /><br />
'''Genus''': Xanthium<br /><br />
'''Species''': X. strumarium<br /><br />
'''Binomial name:''' Xanthium strumarium<br /><br />
'''Common names''': Rough cocklebur, Noogoora bur, Clotbur, Common cocklebur, Large cocklebur, Woolgarie bur<br />
<br />
Xanthium strumarium is a species of annual plants belonging to the Asteraceae family. It is an American native and has been extensively naturalized elsewhere where its tendency to be invasive has been demonstrated worldwide.<br /><br />
In New Zealand, it is found growing in farmyards, vegetable gardens, disturbed ground, stream banks, riparian areas and in pastures. It is hard to eradicate once it has a foothold. Mowing only stimulates regrowth and the seeds. Xanthium strumarium’s spiny capsule contains two seeds which germinate in different years. One behaves as a normal annual seed, germinating in the next spring, but the second seed contains a germination inhibitor that keeps it from sprouting for at least two years. Xanthium strumarium can spread by soil movement, stock feed and equipment such as diggers, crop harvesting machinery and farm machinery. The bur is buoyant and is easily dispersed by water. The pods are adapted to be dispersed by having hooked projections that become entangled in their hair of animals walking or grazing in the vicinity.<br />
<br />
Xanthium strumarium has large, bright green, broad leaves in an alternate pattern with irregular lobes and relatively inconspicuous teeth. Stems turn maroon to black when mature. Male and female flowers are inconspicuous on the small stalk at the leaf axils. The male flowers are greenish yellow, grapelike clusters. Female flowers are smaller at first and develop just below male flowers. They ripen into two brown to black achenes and are completely enveloped by a spiny involucre, which becomes a bur.<br />
<br />
The plant is poisonous if eaten in large quantities because it contains significant concentrations of the extremely toxic chemical carboxyatratyloside. This chemical is most concentrated in the cotyledons (seed leaves) when the plant germinates. Mature leaves contain smaller amounts. Xanthium strumarium was responsible for at least 19 deaths and 76 illnesses in Sylhet District, Bangladesh, 2007. People ate large amounts of the plants, locally called ghagra shak because they were starving during a monsoon flood and no other plants were available. The symptoms included vomiting and altered mental states, followed by unconsciousness. Animals have been known to die after eating the plants.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[http://www.terrain.net.nz/uploads/images/Te%20Henui/%20Weeds/Xanthium_strumarium_leaf.jpg] <br />
<br />
This hardy plant will grow in all soil types. Here it is one germinating in sand.<br /><br />
<br />
<br />
<br /><br />
Thanks to Wikipedia for text and information: [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/%20 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-----<br />
<br />
<br />
</div><br />
<br />
</div><br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Weeds]]<br />
[[Category:Phil Bendle Collection]]</div>Move page scripthttps://citscihub.nz/w/index.php?title=Phil_Bendle_Collection:Xanthorhoe_semifissata_(Barred_pink_carpet_moth)&diff=6724Phil Bendle Collection:Xanthorhoe semifissata (Barred pink carpet moth)2019-07-31T01:36:35Z<p>Move page script: Move page script moved page Xanthorhoe semifissata (Barred pink carpet moth) to Phil Bendle Collection:Xanthorhoe semifissata (Barred pink carpet moth) without leaving a redirect</p>
<hr />
<div><div><br />
<br />
<div id="main"><br />
<br />
'''Kingdom:''' Animalia<br /><br />
'''Phylum:''' Arthropoda<br /><br />
'''Subphylum:''' Hexapoda<br /><br />
'''Class''': Insecta<br /><br />
'''Order:''' Lepidoptera<br /><br />
'''Family:''' Geometridae<br /><br />
'''Genus:''' Xanthorhoe<br /><br />
'''Species:''' X. semifissata<br /><br />
'''Binomial name:''' Xanthorhoe semifissata<br /><br />
'''Common name''': Barred Pink Carpet. (Due to its carpet-like wing patterns) <br />
<br />
Xanthorhoe semifissata is small to a medium-sized moth with a wingspan 25–35 mm. It is native to New Zealand and is found in the South and the lower North Island usually between August and February.<br /><br />
The larval foods for this moth are low growing herbaceous plants including Nasturtium officinale (watercress) and Cardamine (bittercress). The eggs are a pale green and hemispherical in shape. The caterpillar is dark brown on its upper side and light brown below, when fully grown it is approximately 25mm long.<br />
<br />
Male moth.<br /><br />
[http://ketenewplymouth.peoplesnetworknz.info/image_files/0000/0010/0218/Xanthorhoe_semifissata_male-003.JPG]<br />
<br />
Male moth.<br /><br />
[http://ketenewplymouth.peoplesnetworknz.info/image_files/0000/0010/0213/Xanthorhoe_semifissata_male-001.JPG]<br />
<br />
Female moth.<br /><br />
[http://ketenewplymouth.peoplesnetworknz.info/image_files/0000/0008/6793/Xanthorhoe_semifissata-003.JPG] <br />
<br />
Thanks to Wikipedia for text and information: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/<br /><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-----<br />
<br />
<br />
</div><br />
<br />
</div><br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Moths]]<br />
[[Category:Phil Bendle Collection]]</div>Move page scripthttps://citscihub.nz/w/index.php?title=Phil_Bendle_Collection:Xanthoria_parietina_(Maritime_sunburst_lichen)&diff=6725Phil Bendle Collection:Xanthoria parietina (Maritime sunburst lichen)2019-07-31T01:36:35Z<p>Move page script: Move page script moved page Xanthoria parietina (Maritime sunburst lichen) to Phil Bendle Collection:Xanthoria parietina (Maritime sunburst lichen) without leaving a redirect</p>
<hr />
<div><div><br />
<br />
<div id="main"><br />
<br />
'''Kingdom:''' Fungi<br /><br />
'''Division:''' Ascomycota<br /><br />
'''Class:''' Lecanoromycetes<br /><br />
'''Order:''' Teloschistales<br /><br />
'''Family:''' Teloschistaceae<br /><br />
'''Genus:''' Xanthoria<br /><br />
'''Species:''' X. parietina<br /><br />
'''Binomial name:''' Xanthoria parietina<br /><br />
'''Common names:''' Maritime sunburst lichen, Common orange lichen, Yellow scale, Shore lichen, Gold shield lichen.<br />
<br />
Xanthoria parietina is a conspicuous yellow foliose lichen-forming large, rounded patches up to 10 cm across. It has worldwide distribution. It is found inland but it is commonest near the coast. It inhabits sunny, exposed places that are rich in nitrogen such as trees, rocks and man-made substrates and sea cliffs beneath bird perching areas. It may form a distinct narrow band on rocks and walls just above high water level.<br />
<br />
Xanthoria parietina is formed of two organisms living together symbiotically:<br /><br />
1: A fungus which forms the body of the lichen, which consists of flattened spreading leaf-like lobes and produces spores in the bright orange discs on the surface. These discs are surrounded by a raised paler margin, which becomes crenulate.<br /><br />
2: A single-celled green alga which is protected by the fungus from extreme conditions of UV or drought by the yellow colour (parietin) which acts as a sunscreen. In return, the alga provides the nutrients for the fungus through photosynthesis.<br />
<br />
Xanthoria parietina can be used as a monitor for nitrogen in the atmosphere. It is also a very pollution-tolerant species. In laboratory experiments, this species can tolerate exposure to air contaminants and bisulphite ions with little or no damaging effect. It is also tolerant of heavy metal contamination. For these reasons, this species has found use as a biomonitor for measuring levels of toxic elements. Xanthoria parietina is a very pollution-tolerant species. In laboratory experiments, this species can tolerate exposure to air contaminants and bisulphite ions with little or no damaging effect. It is also tolerant of heavy metal contamination. For these reasons, this species has found use as a biomonitor for measuring levels of toxic elements.<br />
<br />
[http://ketenewplymouth.peoplesnetworknz.info/image_files/0000/0008/2708/Maritime_Sunburst_Lichen___Xanthoria_parietina.JPG] <br />
<br />
[http://ketenewplymouth.peoplesnetworknz.info/image_files/0000/0008/2713/Maritime_Sunburst_Lichen___Xanthoria_parietina-001.JPG]<br /><br />
<br />
<br />
Thanks to Wikipedia for text and information: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-----<br />
<br />
<br />
</div><br />
<br />
</div><br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Lichens, Algae and Diatoms]]<br />
[[Category:Phil Bendle Collection]]</div>Move page scripthttps://citscihub.nz/w/index.php?title=Phil_Bendle_Collection:Xanthoria_spp.&diff=6726Phil Bendle Collection:Xanthoria spp.2019-07-31T01:36:35Z<p>Move page script: Move page script moved page Xanthoria spp. to Phil Bendle Collection:Xanthoria spp. without leaving a redirect</p>
<hr />
<div><br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Lichens, Algae and Diatoms]]<br />
[[Category:Phil Bendle Collection]]</div>Move page scripthttps://citscihub.nz/w/index.php?title=Phil_Bendle_Collection:Xeronema_callistemon_(Poor_Knights_lily)&diff=6727Phil Bendle Collection:Xeronema callistemon (Poor Knights lily)2019-07-31T01:36:35Z<p>Move page script: Move page script moved page Xeronema callistemon (Poor Knights lily) to Phil Bendle Collection:Xeronema callistemon (Poor Knights lily) without leaving a redirect</p>
<hr />
<div><div><br />
<br />
<div id="main"><br />
<br />
'''Kingdom:''' Plantae<br /><br />
'''(unranked):''' Angiosperms<br /><br />
'''(unranked):''' Monocots<br /><br />
'''Order:''' Asparagales<br /><br />
'''Family:''' Xeronemataceae<br /><br />
'''Genus:''' Xeronema<br /><br />
'''Species:''' X. callistemon<br /><br />
'''Binomial name:''' Xeronema callistemon<br /><br />
'''Common name:''' Poor Knights lily, Raupo Taranga, Xeronema,<br />
<br />
Xeronema callistemon is a species of flowering plant discovered in 1924 and is endemic to the Poor Knights Islands and Taranga Island one of the Hen and Chickens Island off the northeast coast of New Zealand.<br /><br />
In its natural habitats, Xeronema callistemon grows on rhyolite sea cliffs and rocky outcrops but sometimes in the island's forest.<br />
<br />
The largest plants with their sword-like leaves, up to 1.5 metres high, are under the canopy of large Pohutukawa. These plants also benefit from highly fertile soils continuously enriched by the millions of seabirds which nest there. They require much water and is pollinated by birds and butterflies. If its seed falls on a nearby tree, such as Metrosideros excelsa, then it may grow as an epiphyte on it. The species has no obvious natural enemies and is listed as vulnerable because it grows naturally only on two islands. These islands are protected by the New Zealand Government as nature reserves and have a limited access. However, the plant is becoming popular for cultivation in private gardens.<br />
<br />
The green stalks of Xeronema callistemon start growing vertically. They then turn sideways, showing red flowers tipped with orange pollen and resemble a giant bottlebrush or toothbrush. The individual flower tepals are 10–15 mm long, and the length of the brush is usually between 18 and 25 cm and can reach 45 cm. <br />
<br />
Plants grow from fresh falling seeds. Although they germinate easily, it might take 10–15 years for them to grow into the flowering size. They flower between September and December, peaking in October. <br />
<br />
Xeronema callistemon growing on one of the Poor Knights Islands (the large bushy plants on the skyline).<br /><br />
[http://www.terrain.net.nz/uploads/images/Te%20Henui/Plants/1-Xeronema_callistemon_on_Poor_Knights_Islands-.JPG]<br />
<br />
[http://ketenewplymouth.peoplesnetworknz.info/image_files/0000/0002/2644/Poor_Knights_lily_Xeronema_callistemon-3.JPG]<br />
<br />
[http://ketenewplymouth.peoplesnetworknz.info/image_files/0000/0009/6693/Poor_Knights_lily__Xeronema_callistemon____2_.JPG]<br />
<br />
[http://ketenewplymouth.peoplesnetworknz.info/image_files/0000/0002/2629/Poor_Knights_lily_Xeronema_callistemon-1.JPG]<br />
<br />
A developing flower head <br />
<br />
Flower head just before flowering.<br /><br />
[http://ketenewplymouth.peoplesnetworknz.info/image_files/0000/0012/6718/Xeronema_callistemon.JPG]<br />
<br />
[http://ketenewplymouth.peoplesnetworknz.info/image_files/0000/0002/2639/Poor_Knights_lily_Xeronema_callistemon-5.JPG] <br />
<br />
A Tui feeding on Xeronema callistemon<br /><br />
[http://ketenewplymouth.peoplesnetworknz.info/image_files/0000/0012/7773/1-Tui_on_Poor_Knights_Lily.JPG]<br />
<br />
A closeup showing the seeds which later will drop after the flower dies and dries.[http://ketenewplymouth.peoplesnetworknz.info/image_files/0000/0002/2634/Poor_Knights_lily_Xeronema_callistemon-2.JPG]<br />
<br />
The dried seed head (Late January)<br /><br />
[http://ketenewplymouth.peoplesnetworknz.info/image_files/0000/0011/3143/1-Xeronema_callistemon_seed_head.__.JPG]<br />
<br />
A closeup of the seed capsules just before falling.<br /><br />
[http://ketenewplymouth.peoplesnetworknz.info/image_files/0000/0011/3148/1-Xeronema_callistemon_seed_head.__-001.__-001.jpg]<br />
<br />
Thanks to Wikipedia for text and Information: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-----<br />
<br />
<br />
</div><br />
<br />
</div><br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Plants (Native)]]<br />
[[Category:Phil Bendle Collection]]</div>Move page scripthttps://citscihub.nz/w/index.php?title=Phil_Bendle_Collection:Xylaria_hypoxylon_(Candlesnuff_fungus)&diff=6728Phil Bendle Collection:Xylaria hypoxylon (Candlesnuff fungus)2019-07-31T01:36:35Z<p>Move page script: Move page script moved page Xylaria hypoxylon (Candlesnuff fungus) to Phil Bendle Collection:Xylaria hypoxylon (Candlesnuff fungus) without leaving a redirect</p>
<hr />
<div><div><br />
<br />
<div id="main"><br />
<br />
'''Kingdom:''' Fungi<br /><br />
'''Subkingdom:''' Dikarya<br /><br />
'''Phylum:''' Ascomycota<br /><br />
'''Subphylum:''' Pezizomycotina<br /><br />
'''Class:''' Sordariomycetes<br /><br />
'''Subclass:''' Xylariomycetidae<br /><br />
'''Order:''' Xylariales<br /><br />
'''Family:''' Xylariaceae<br /><br />
'''Genus:''' Xylaria<br /><br />
'''Species:''' X. hypoxylon<br /><br />
'''Binomial name:''' Xylaria hypoxylon<br /><br />
'''Common name:''' Stag's horn fungus, Candlesnuff fungus, Candlestick fungus, Carbon antlers.<br />
<br />
Xylaria is a genus of ascomycetous fungi commonly found growing on dead wood. The name comes from the Greek xýlon meaning wood. Xylaria hypoxylon is one of two of New Zealand's most common species of this genus.<br />
<br />
Xylaria hypoxylon is a complex variable species which will probably eventually be shown to include several taxa. It found growing scattered to gregarious to clustered on rotting wood. It has erect, 3–7 cm tall, antler-like ascocarps (fruitbodies) which are black at the base and are white and branched towards the top. The white tips consist of masses of asexual spores (conidia). The black ascocarps have white flesh inside.<br />
<br />
[http://ketenewplymouth.peoplesnetworknz.info/image_files/0000/0008/8353/Xylaria___Candlesnuff_fungus.JPG]<br />
<br />
[http://ketenewplymouth.peoplesnetworknz.info/image_files/0000/0008/8358/Xylaria___Candlesnuff_fungus-001.JPG] <br />
<br />
[http://ketenewplymouth.peoplesnetworknz.info/image_files/0000/0008/8363/Xylaria___Candlesnuff_fungus-002.JPG] <br />
<br />
[http://ketenewplymouth.peoplesnetworknz.info/image_files/0000/0008/8368/Xylaria_hypoxylon__Candlesnuff_fungus-003.JPG]<br />
<br />
[http://ketenewplymouth.peoplesnetworknz.info/image_files/0000/0008/8373/Xylaria_hypoxylon__Candlesnuff_fungus-004.JPG] <br />
<br />
Thanks to Wikipedia for text and information: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-----<br />
<br />
<br />
</div><br />
<br />
</div><br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Fungi]]<br />
[[Category:Phil Bendle Collection]]</div>Move page scripthttps://citscihub.nz/w/index.php?title=Phil_Bendle_Collection:Xyridacma_alectoraria_(Five_finger_looper_moth)&diff=6729Phil Bendle Collection:Xyridacma alectoraria (Five finger looper moth)2019-07-31T01:36:35Z<p>Move page script: Move page script moved page Xyridacma alectoraria (Five finger looper moth) to Phil Bendle Collection:Xyridacma alectoraria (Five finger looper moth) without leaving a redirect</p>
<hr />
<div><div><br />
<br />
<div id="main"><br />
<br />
'''Kingdom:''' Animalia<br /><br />
'''Phylum:''' Arthropoda<br /><br />
'''Class:''' Insecta<br /><br />
'''Order:''' Lepidoptera<br /><br />
'''Family: ''' Geometridae<br /><br />
'''Subfamily:''' Oenochrominae<br /><br />
'''Genus: ''' Xyridacma<br /><br />
'''Species:''' X. alectoraria<br /><br />
'''Binominal name:''' Xyridacma alectoraria<br /><br />
'''Synonym:''' Lyrcea alectoraria<br /><br />
'''Common name:''' Five finger looper moth<br />
<br />
Xyridacma alectoraria is a moth of the Geometridae family. It is a common native looper moth of New Zealand. It is seen from November to February. Its caterpillar feeds on the leaves of the native five finger species.<br />
<br />
Female moth.<br /><br />
[http://ketenewplymouth.peoplesnetworknz.info/image_files/0000/0010/1473/Five_finger_looper__Xyridacma_alectoraria_.JPG]<br />
<br />
Male moth<br /><br />
[http://ketenewplymouth.peoplesnetworknz.info/image_files/0000/0011/9113/1-Xyridacma_alectoraria.JPG]<br />
<br />
Male moth<br /><br />
[http://ketenewplymouth.peoplesnetworknz.info/image_files/0000/0009/2283/Xyridacma_alectoraria.JPG]<br />
<br />
The underside of a male moth<br /><br />
[http://ketenewplymouth.peoplesnetworknz.info/image_files/0000/0009/2338/Xyridacma_alectoraria___Five_finger_looper__.JPG]<br />
<br />
This moth is variable in its patterns<br /><br />
[http://ketenewplymouth.peoplesnetworknz.info/image_files/0000/0008/8498/Xyridacma_alectoraria__Five_finger_looper__.JPG]<br />
<br />
[http://ketenewplymouth.peoplesnetworknz.info/image_files/0000/0008/8503/Xyridacma_alectoraria__Five_finger_looper__-003.JPG]<br />
<br />
Male moth.<br /><br />
[http://ketenewplymouth.peoplesnetworknz.info/image_files/0000/0006/9194/Xyridacma_alectoraria__Five_finger_looper.JPG] <br />
<br />
Thanks to Wikipedia for text and information: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-----<br />
<br />
<br />
</div><br />
<br />
</div><br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Moths]]<br />
[[Category:Phil Bendle Collection]]</div>Move page scripthttps://citscihub.nz/w/index.php?title=Phil_Bendle_Collection:Xyridacma_ustaria_(Tarata_looper)&diff=6730Phil Bendle Collection:Xyridacma ustaria (Tarata looper)2019-07-31T01:36:35Z<p>Move page script: Move page script moved page Xyridacma ustaria (Tarata looper) to Phil Bendle Collection:Xyridacma ustaria (Tarata looper) without leaving a redirect</p>
<hr />
<div><div><br />
<br />
<div id="main"><br />
<br />
'''Kingdom:''' Animalia<br /><br />
'''Phylum:''' Arthropoda<br /><br />
'''Class:''' Insecta<br /><br />
'''Order:''' Lepidoptera<br /><br />
'''Family:''' Geometridae<br /><br />
'''Genus:''' Xyridacma<br /><br />
'''Species:''' X. ustaria<br /><br />
'''Binomial name:''' Xyridacma ustaria<br /><br />
'''Common name:''' Tarata looper <br />
<br />
Xyridacma ustaria is a very variable species of moth in the Geometridae family. It is native to New Zealand. It has a 40mm wingspan.<br />
<br />
Photos below show the variability of this species. <br /><br />
[http://ketenewplymouth.peoplesnetworknz.info/image_files/0000/0011/9503/1-Xyridacma_ustaria_.JPG]<br />
<br />
[http://ketenewplymouth.peoplesnetworknz.info/image_files/0000/0011/6258/1-Xyridacma_ustaria__Tarata_looper_.JPG]<br />
<br />
[http://ketenewplymouth.peoplesnetworknz.info/image_files/0000/0010/2393/Xyridacma_ustaria.JPG]<br />
<br />
[http://ketenewplymouth.peoplesnetworknz.info/image_files/0000/0010/3388/Xyridacma_ustaria.JPG]<br />
<br />
[http://ketenewplymouth.peoplesnetworknz.info/image_files/0000/0010/3213/Xyridacma_ustaria.JPG]<br />
<br />
[http://ketenewplymouth.peoplesnetworknz.info/image_files/0000/0007/9548/Xyridacma_ustaria-001.JPG]<br />
<br />
[http://ketenewplymouth.peoplesnetworknz.info/image_files/0000/0006/9369/Xyridacma_ustaria_.JPG]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Thanks to Wikipedia for text and information: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-----<br />
<br />
<br />
</div><br />
<br />
</div><br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Moths]]<br />
[[Category:Phil Bendle Collection]]</div>Move page scripthttps://citscihub.nz/w/index.php?title=Phil_Bendle_Collection:Whitetail_spiders_(Lampona_murina_%26_Lampona_cylindrata)&diff=6694Phil Bendle Collection:Whitetail spiders (Lampona murina & Lampona cylindrata)2019-07-31T01:36:34Z<p>Move page script: Move page script moved page Whitetail spiders (Lampona murina & Lampona cylindrata) to Phil Bendle Collection:Whitetail spiders (Lampona murina & Lampona cylindrata) without leaving a redirect</p>
<hr />
<div><div><br />
<br />
<div id="main"><br />
<br />
<div><br />
<br />
'''North Island Whitetail spider (Lampona murina) <br /><br />
Kingdom:''' Animalia <br /><br />
'''Phylum''': Arthropoda <br /><br />
'''Class:''' Arachnida <br /><br />
'''Order:''' Araneida <br /><br />
'''Suborder:''' Araneomorphae <br /><br />
'''Family:''' Lamponidae <br /><br />
'''Genus''': Lampona<br /><br />
'''Species:''' L. murina<br /><br />
'''Scientific name:''' Lampona murina This is the North Island Whitetail spider.<br /><br />
'''Common name''': White tail spider <br /><br />
'''<br /><br />
'''South Island Whitetail spider (Lampona cylindrata) '''<br /><br />
Kingdom:''' Animalia <br /><br />
'''Phylum:''' Arthropoda <br /><br />
'''Class:''' Arachnida <br /><br />
'''Order:''' Araneida <br /><br />
'''Suborder:''' Araneomorphae <br /><br />
'''Family:''' Lamponidae <br /><br />
'''Genus:''' Lampona<br /><br />
'''Species:''' L. cylindrata<br /><br />
'''Scientific name:''' Lampona cylindrata This is the South Island Whitetail spider.<br /><br />
'''Common name:''' White tail spider<br />
<br />
Thanks to Phil J. Sirvid, Curator of Spiders at the Museum of New Zealand, Te Papa for this information<br /><br />
&quot;Lampona murina is more likely in the North Island. Based on previous museum specimen records, as far as we know we have murina in the North Island and cylindrata in the South Island (with both being Australian species). However, these spiders are easily able to stow away with people, so I'd be surprised if there wasn't at least a little bit of back and forth movement between the islands. And I can't easily tell them apart without being able to view particular characters under a microscope.&quot;<br />
<br />
This Australian spider was first recorded in NZ in 1886, at Waiwera, Auckland. It is believed that it came into the country with early colonists and is now well established throughout the North Island. The two species are not easily distinguished from one another without microscopic examination. They are Lampona murina or Lampona cylindrata and both these species have been introduced to New Zealand. <br />
<br />
These dark grey spiders are 12-17mm long and readily recognised by their elongate body form and a distinctive white patch on the end of the abdomen.<br /><br />
Their preferred habitat is under dry bark and plants but will often be seen inside houses, where they look for shelter from the light, after hunting at night. The spider often hides in clothing, especially if it is left lying around on the floor.These nocturnal hunting spiders are unusual because they feed only on other spiders.<br /><br />
White-tailed spiders do bite but will only bite if handled or provoked. In most cases, the bite will cause little harm, as there is nothing in the venom that will affect us. A White-tail bite is immediately painful. It should be noted that cases of confirmed White-tail spider bites have rarely resulted in anything more severe than a red mark and localised short-lived pain. As with bee/wasp stings, different people will react in different ways.<br /><br />
Thanks to Landcare Research which is New Zealand's foremost environmental research organisation for the above information.<br />
<br />
<br />
</div><br />
<div><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-----<br />
<br />
'''North Island Whitetail spider (Lampona murina) '''<br />
The photo below is an adult whitetail. with a dark body and only a white patch on the end of its abdomen. Body length on this individual 23mm. Photographed in the North Island at New Plymouth [http://ketenewplymouth.peoplesnetworknz.info/image_files/0000/0011/4213/1-Lampona_murina.JPG]<br />
<br />
Female Lampona murina in the silk of a banded funnel web spider Hexathele hochstetteri. She had killed and devoured the host [http://ketenewplymouth.peoplesnetworknz.info/image_files/0000/0009/5283/Lampona_murina__Whitetail_spider.JPG]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
The mouthparts and fangs. Female<br /><br />
<br /><br />
A female Lampona murina feeding on a cobweb spider of the family Theridiidae.<br /><br />
[http://ketenewplymouth.peoplesnetworknz.info/image_files/0000/0009/0113/Lampona_murina_feeding_on_cobweb_spider.JPG]<br />
<br />
Male Lampona murina<br /><br />
[http://ketenewplymouth.peoplesnetworknz.info/image_files/0000/0008/6508/Lampona_murina__Whitetail_spider.JPG]<br />
<br />
[http://ketenewplymouth.peoplesnetworknz.info/image_files/0000/0001/6714/Lampona_murina__white-tail_spider.JPG]<br />
<br />
<br />
</div><br />
<div><br />
<br />
The juvenile spiders have lighter white marks on the body as seen in photos below.<br />
<br />
A young whitetail only 5mm in body length. The white body marks fade with age.<br />
<br />
[http://ketenewplymouth.peoplesnetworknz.info/image_files/0000/0002/5949/Lampona_murina_or_Lampona_cylindrata__Whitetail_spider-001.JPG]<br />
Whitetail hence the common name.<br /><br />
<br />
<br />
A large adult in defence position.<br /><br />
[http://ketenewplymouth.peoplesnetworknz.info/image_files/0000/0007/6459/Whitetail_spider__Lampona_cylindrata.JPG]<br />
<br />
<br /><br />
[http://ketenewplymouth.peoplesnetworknz.info/image_files/0000/0007/6469/Whitetail_spider__Lampona_cylindrata-002.JPG]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
''''''[http://ketenewplymouth.peoplesnetworknz.info/image_files/0000/0012/3273/Lampona__cylindrata.jpeg]''''''<br />
<br />
[http://ketenewplymouth.peoplesnetworknz.info/image_files/0000/0012/3278/Lampona__cylindrata_3_.jpeg]<br />
<br />
The underside of a female Lampona Body length 15 mm. It shows the external genital structure of a female spider the epigynum. It is the oval structure on the abdomen in front of the epigastric furrow. The primary function of the epigynum is to receive and direct the palpal organ of the male during copulation.<br /><br />
[http://ketenewplymouth.peoplesnetworknz.info/image_files/0000/0011/1683/1-North_Island_Whitetail_spider__Lampona_murina_-003.JPG]<br /><br />
<br /><br />
Though whitetail spiders kill other spiders, the photo below the tables have been turned and one has been caught and bound with silk by a cellar spider.[http://ketenewplymouth.peoplesnetworknz.info/image_files/0000/0004/8464/Pholcus_phalangioides__Daddy_Long_Legs_spider-002.JPG] <br />
<br />
'''Video:''' In the battle of speed versus strength, a White-Tailed Spider and a Cellar Spider fight until only one remain.alive.<br />
<br />
VIDEO<br />
<br />
Thanks to Wikipedia for text and Information: [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/%20 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ ]<br />
<br />
<br />
</div><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-----<br />
<br />
<br />
</div><br />
<br />
</div><br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Spiders]]<br />
[[Category:Phil Bendle Collection]]</div>Move page scripthttps://citscihub.nz/w/index.php?title=Phil_Bendle_Collection:Wiseana_copularis&diff=6695Phil Bendle Collection:Wiseana copularis2019-07-31T01:36:34Z<p>Move page script: Move page script moved page Wiseana copularis to Phil Bendle Collection:Wiseana copularis without leaving a redirect</p>
<hr />
<div><div><br />
<br />
<div id="main"><br />
<br />
'''Kingdom: ''' Animalia<br /><br />
'''Phylum:''' Arthropoda<br /><br />
'''Class: ''' Insecta<br /><br />
'''Order:''' Lepidoptera<br /><br />
'''Family:''' Hepialidae<br /><br />
'''Genus''': Wiseana<br /><br />
'''Species''': W. copularis<br /><br />
'''Binomial name''': Wiseana copularis<br /><br />
'''Synonyms''': Porina copularis<br /><br />
'''Common name''': Porina<br />
<br />
Wiseana copularis is a species of moth endemic to New Zealand. It is one of seven endemic porina species (Wiseana cervinata, W.copularis, W. fuliginea, W. jocosa, W. mimica, W. umbraculata and W. signata. They are difficult to distinguish from each other. Their habitat is open ground or forest clearings.<br /><br />
The wingspan is 34–40 mm for males and 43–52 mm for females. The colour of the forewings varies from dark to pale brown and with few markings. The markings can vary. The hindwings are pallid to infuscate. The antennae are short. The male abdomen (anterior) is pointed; the female abdomen is cigar-shaped.<br />
<br />
Moths only live for a few days and fly with temperatures above 8.3ºC. After mating, females lay most of their 500-2,800 eggs in their emergence area. Around 30-50% of eggs are laid during the dispersal flight. Moths preferably seek pasture more than 75mm high to lay eggs.<br /><br />
The eggs hatch in 3-5 weeks. Initially, the caterpillars live on the soil surface under litter (up to 12mm deep) until they commence burrowing at around 4-15 weeks when they are 10-12mm long (Plate 3 and 3a). Eggs and caterpillars are highly vulnerable to dry weather and trampling by stock. Once burrowed, they are relatively safe from dry conditions.<br /><br />
Thanks to [http://www.beeflambnz.com www.beeflambnz.com] for information)<br />
<br />
Female<br /><br />
[http://ketenewplymouth.peoplesnetworknz.info/image_files/0000/0009/9113/Wiseana_copularis-female.JPG] <br />
<br />
Female from above.<br /><br />
[http://ketenewplymouth.peoplesnetworknz.info/image_files/0000/0009/9098/Wiseana_copularis_female.JPG] <br />
<br />
Male<br /><br />
[http://ketenewplymouth.peoplesnetworknz.info/image_files/0000/0009/9103/Wiseana_copularis_male.JPG]<br />
<br />
Male from above<br /><br />
[http://ketenewplymouth.peoplesnetworknz.info/image_files/0000/0009/9108/Wiseana_copularis-002_male.JPG]<br />
<br />
Thanks to Wikipedia for text and information: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-----<br />
<br />
<br />
</div><br />
<br />
</div><br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Moths]]<br />
[[Category:Phil Bendle Collection]]</div>Move page scripthttps://citscihub.nz/w/index.php?title=Phil_Bendle_Collection:Wiseana_jocosa&diff=6696Phil Bendle Collection:Wiseana jocosa2019-07-31T01:36:34Z<p>Move page script: Move page script moved page Wiseana jocosa to Phil Bendle Collection:Wiseana jocosa without leaving a redirect</p>
<hr />
<div><div><br />
<br />
<div id="main"><br />
<br />
'''Kingdom:''' Animalia<br /><br />
'''Phylum:''' Arthropoda<br /><br />
'''Class:''' Insecta<br /><br />
'''Order''': Lepidoptera<br /><br />
'''Family''': Hepialidae<br /><br />
'''Genus:''' Wiseana<br /><br />
'''Species:''' Wiseana jocosa<br /><br />
'''Scientific name''': Wiseana jocosa<br /><br />
'''Common name:''' Porina moth <br />
<br />
Wiseana jocose is one of seven porina species (Wiseana cervinata, W.copularis, W. fuliginea, W. jocosa, W. mimica, W. umbraculata and W. signata. They are difficult to distinguish from each other.<br /><br />
Wiseana jocosa habitat is open ground or forest clearings and they may also occur in forest and shrublands<br /><br />
Wiseana adult moths mate as soon as they emerge from the soil (spring and early summer) and at dusk fly in large numbers during spring and early summer. They do not feed, but each moth can lay up to 3000 eggs on the pasture surface. They only live for about four days.<br /><br />
After the eggs hatch the small caterpillars first take shelter among the leaf bases. They then construct silk-lined casings on the soil surface, and as they grow they construct permanent burrows in the soil. They emerge from their burrows at night to feed, severing grass and clover leaves at the base of plants and dragging them back to their burrows where they are eaten.<br /><br />
They invade lawns and pasture grasses and have the potential to reduce the long-term quality and production of pasture. The damage they cause is most noticeable from April to September.<br />
<br />
[http://www.terrain.net.nz/uploads/images/Te%20Henui/Faunatwo/1-1-Wiseana%20jocose%20.jpg]<br /><br />
<br />
<br />
Thanks to Wikipedia for text and information: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-----<br />
<br />
<br />
</div><br />
<br />
</div><br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Moths]]<br />
[[Category:Phil Bendle Collection]]</div>Move page scripthttps://citscihub.nz/w/index.php?title=Phil_Bendle_Collection:Wiseana_signata&diff=6697Phil Bendle Collection:Wiseana signata2019-07-31T01:36:34Z<p>Move page script: Move page script moved page Wiseana signata to Phil Bendle Collection:Wiseana signata without leaving a redirect</p>
<hr />
<div><div><br />
<br />
<div id="main"><br />
<br />
'''Kingdom:''' Animalia<br /><br />
'''Phylum:''' Arthropoda<br /><br />
'''Class''': Insecta<br /><br />
'''Order: ''' Lepidoptera<br /><br />
'''Family: ''' Hepialidae<br /><br />
'''Genus''': Wiseana<br /><br />
'''Species:''' W. signata<br /><br />
'''Binomial name:''' Wiseana signata<br /><br />
'''Synonyms:''' Elhamma signata, Porina novaezealandiae.<br /><br />
'''Common name''': Sand Porina <br />
<br />
Wiseana signata is a species of moth endemic to New Zealand. Their habitat is open ground or forest clearings. <br /><br />
The wingspan is 44–64 mm for males and 58–75 mm for females. The forewings have white scales. The hindwings are yellow-fawn or pinkish fawn with a narrow, distinct dark marginal line. Adults are on wing from October to May. Food plants for the larvae include various species of grass. (Text thanks to Wikipedia)<br />
<br />
[http://www.terrain.net.nz/%3Cp%20class=%22MsoNormal%22%3EThanks%20to%20Wikipedia%20for%20text%20and%20information:%20%3Ca%20href=%22https:/creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/%22%20target=%22_blank%22%3Ehttps:/creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/%3C/a%3E%3C/p%3E]<br /><br />
<br />
<br />
Thanks to Wikipedia for text and information: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-----<br />
<br />
<br />
</div><br />
<br />
</div><br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Moths]]<br />
[[Category:Phil Bendle Collection]]</div>Move page scripthttps://citscihub.nz/w/index.php?title=Phil_Bendle_Collection:Wiseana_umbraculatus&diff=6698Phil Bendle Collection:Wiseana umbraculatus2019-07-31T01:36:34Z<p>Move page script: Move page script moved page Wiseana umbraculatus to Phil Bendle Collection:Wiseana umbraculatus without leaving a redirect</p>
<hr />
<div><div><br />
<br />
<div id="main"><br />
<br />
'''Kingdom:''' Animalia<br /><br />
'''Phylum: ''' Arthropoda<br /><br />
'''Class: ''' Insecta<br /><br />
'''Order: ''' Lepidoptera<br /><br />
'''Family''': Hepialidae<br /><br />
'''Genus: ''' Wiseana<br /><br />
'''Species:''' W. umbraculatus<br /><br />
'''Binomial name''': Wiseana umbraculatus<br /><br />
'''Synonyms''': Pielus umbraculatus, Wiseana umbraculata<br /><br />
'''Common name''': Bog porina moth<br />
<br />
Wiseana umbraculatus is a species of moth endemic to New Zealand. Their habitat is open ground or forest clearings <br /><br />
The wingspan is 38–50 mm for males and 49–66 mm for females. The colour can varies, but is usually fawn, pinkish fawn or infuscate. The hindwings are pinkish-fawn to yellow-fawn. Adults are on wing from September to April.<br /><br />
Food plants for the larvae include species of grass. (Text thanks to Wikipedia).<br />
<br />
Female<br /><br />
[http://ketenewplymouth.peoplesnetworknz.info/image_files/0000/0009/9093/Wiseana_umbraculatus__Bog_porina-001.JPG] <br />
<br />
Male<br /><br />
[http://ketenewplymouth.peoplesnetworknz.info/image_files/0000/0011/0553/Wiseana_umbraculata_male.JPG]<br /><br />
<br />
<br />
Thanks to Wikipedia for text and information: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-----<br />
<br />
<br />
</div><br />
<br />
</div><br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Moths]]<br />
[[Category:Phil Bendle Collection]]</div>Move page scripthttps://citscihub.nz/w/index.php?title=Phil_Bendle_Collection:Wisteria_(Chinese_and_Japanese)&diff=6699Phil Bendle Collection:Wisteria (Chinese and Japanese)2019-07-31T01:36:34Z<p>Move page script: Move page script moved page Wisteria (Chinese and Japanese) to Phil Bendle Collection:Wisteria (Chinese and Japanese) without leaving a redirect</p>
<hr />
<div><div><br />
<br />
<div id="main"><br />
<br />
'''Kingdom:''' Plantae<br /><br />
'''(unranked):''' Angiosperms<br /><br />
'''(unranked):''' Eudicots<br /><br />
'''(unranked):''' Rosids<br /><br />
'''Order:''' Fabales<br /><br />
'''Family:''' Fabaceae<br /><br />
'''Subfamily:''' Faboideae<br /><br />
'''Genus''': Wisteria<br /><br />
'''Species:'''<br /><br />
Wisteria sinensis (stems twine anti-clockwise)<br /><br />
Wisteria floribunda (stems twine clockwise) Japanese wisteria<br /><br />
'''Common names''': Chinese wisteria,Chinese Kidney Bean, Japanese wisteria, Kidney Bean Tree<br />
<br />
Chinese and Japanese wisterias are perennial, woody vines belonging to the Fabaceae (Pea or Bean) family. They are popular ornamental plants, and each species has several named cultivated varieties. They are very hardy and aggressive and climb all surrounding vegetation. It is capable of forming thickets so dense they smother all other plants. They constrict the stems of trees and kill them by girdling or over-topping. Wisteria can live for over 150 years.<br />
<br />
The Guinness Book of World Record’s states that “The world’s largest blossoming plant” is a Wisteria sinensis vine located in the backyard of two private residences in Sierra Madre, Mexico. It is estimated as weighing approximately 230 metric tons. After the vine was first planted, it began taking over the original house and by the late 1920s, growing up to almost two acres at its peak. The former homeowner abandoned the original house leaving it to be used as a support for the vine and then built another home about 200 feet away. The original house then collapsed from the weight of the vine. The Sierra Madre city holds an annual Wistaria Festival every March.<br />
<br />
Vegetative reproduction is the primary means of expansion; numerous stolons develop new roots and shoots at short intervals. It will root at nodes when vines are covered with leaf litter. Wisteria can also produce abundant seeds if conditions are favourable. In riparian habitats, seeds may be dispersed downstream in water for great distances. Plants are often spread from neglected gardens to waste places and into scrub near the cultivated plants.<br /><br />
In New Zealand Wisteria flowers during October, November, December, January and February. The flowers are usually violet/purple but there is a popular white flowering cultivar called Wisteria sinensis 'Alba'. Photos of this white cultivar are below.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br /><br />
All parts of the Wisteria plant are toxic as they contain a wisterine glycoside and a lectin. Wisterine is a saponin which is toxic if ingested and may cause dizziness, confusion, speech problems, nausea, vomiting, stomach pains, diarrhoea and collapse. The seeds of all Wisteria species are especially poisonous. The clinical signs: vomiting (sometimes with blood), diarrhoea and depression. Wisteria is also toxic to dogs, cats and horses.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
The poisonous beans. (seeds).<br /><br />
[http://www.terrain.net.nz/uploads/images/Te%20Henui/%20Weeds/1-Wisteria_floribunda%20%20beans.jpg]<br />
<br />
Photos of the white cultivar Wisteria sinensis 'Alba'<br /><br />
[http://ketenewplymouth.peoplesnetworknz.info/image_files/0000/0011/1663/1-Wisteria_sinensis__Alba_-006.JPG]<br />
<br />
The pea-like flowers<br /><br />
[http://ketenewplymouth.peoplesnetworknz.info/image_files/0000/0011/1673/1-Wisteria_sinensis__Alba_-010.JPG]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
The leaves.<br /><br />
[http://ketenewplymouth.peoplesnetworknz.info/image_files/0000/0011/1658/1-Wisteria_sinensis__Alba_-003.JPG]<br /><br />
<br />
<br />
Thanks to Wikipedia for text and information:<br />
<br />
[https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/%20 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-----<br />
<br />
<br />
</div><br />
<br />
</div><br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Weeds]]<br />
[[Category:Phil Bendle Collection]]</div>Move page scripthttps://citscihub.nz/w/index.php?title=Phil_Bendle_Collection:Wolf_spider_(Anoteropsis_genus)&diff=6700Phil Bendle Collection:Wolf spider (Anoteropsis genus)2019-07-31T01:36:34Z<p>Move page script: Move page script moved page Wolf spider (Anoteropsis genus) to Phil Bendle Collection:Wolf spider (Anoteropsis genus) without leaving a redirect</p>
<hr />
<div><div><br />
<br />
<div id="main"><br />
<br />
<div><br />
<br />
'''Kingdom:''' Animalia<br /><br />
'''Phylum:''' Arthropoda<br /><br />
'''Class:''' Arachnida<br /><br />
'''Order:''' Araneae<br /><br />
'''Suborder:''' Araneomorphae<br /><br />
'''Family:''' Lycosidae<br /><br />
'''Genus:''' Anoteropsis<br />
<br />
Spiders in the genus Anoteropsis are called wolf spiders and are endemic to New Zealand. Anoteropsis is known only from New Zealand including the Chatham Islands, Snares Islands and the Auckland Islands. New Zealand has 27 species of wolf spiders in 6 genera. The genus Anoteropsis dominates the country with 20 species alone. They have eight eyes arranged in three rows. The bottom row consists of four small eyes, the middle row has two very large eyes and the top row has two medium-sized eyes. They depend on their excellent eyesight to hunt. They live mostly solitary lives and hunt alone. Some are opportunistic hunters pouncing upon prey as they find it or even chasing it over short distances. Some will even wait for passing prey in or near the mouth of a burrow. Wolf spiders resemble Nursery web spiders (family Pisauridae), but they carry their egg sacs by attaching them to their spinnerets.<br />
<br />
[http://ketenewplymouth.peoplesnetworknz.info/image_files/0000/0004/9099/Wolfe_spider__Lycosa_hilaris.JPG]<br />
<br />
A species of wolf spider in a nest made of grains of dirt etc stuck together. The top of the nest is removed to expose the spider.<br /><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
</div><br />
<div><br />
<br />
The next photo is of wolf spider another species <br />
<br />
<br />
Female wolf spider Anoteropsis hilaris protecting her egg sac.<br /><br />
[http://ketenewplymouth.peoplesnetworknz.info/image_files/0000/0008/0638/Garden_wolf_spider__Anoteropsis_hilaris_-001.JPG]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Female wolf spider <br />
<br />
Anoteropsis hilaris<br />
<br />
[http://ketenewplymouth.peoplesnetworknz.info/image_files/0000/0004/9039/Wolfe_spider__Lycosa_hilaris.JPG] <br />
Thanks to Wikipedia for text and information: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br /><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
</div><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-----<br />
<br />
<br />
</div><br />
<br />
</div><br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Spiders]]<br />
[[Category:Phil Bendle Collection]]</div>Move page scripthttps://citscihub.nz/w/index.php?title=Phil_Bendle_Collection:Wolf_spider_(Anoteropsis_hilaris)&diff=6701Phil Bendle Collection:Wolf spider (Anoteropsis hilaris)2019-07-31T01:36:34Z<p>Move page script: Move page script moved page Wolf spider (Anoteropsis hilaris) to Phil Bendle Collection:Wolf spider (Anoteropsis hilaris) without leaving a redirect</p>
<hr />
<div><div><br />
<br />
<div id="main"><br />
<br />
'''Kingdom:''' Animalia<br /><br />
'''Phylum:''' Arthropoda<br /><br />
'''Class:''' Arachnida<br /><br />
'''Order:''' Araneae<br /><br />
'''Suborder''': Araneomorphae<br /><br />
'''Family:''' Lycosidae<br /><br />
'''Genus:''' Anoteropsis<br /><br />
'''Species:''' A. hilaris<br /><br />
'''Binominal name:''' Anoteropsis hilaris<br /><br />
'''Synonym:''' Lycosa hilaris<br /><br />
'''Common names:''' Garden wolf spider, Striped wolf spider<br />
<br />
Anoteropsis hilaris is a small native spider &gt; 7mm, dark-brown in colour and has a light yellow streak along the middle of the cephalothorax and abdomen.<br /><br />
It lives living small burrows in the ground and be seen actively running about gardens. It is an active hunter with good eyesight. It hunts by day and is able to catch prey bigger than itself. The wolf spider has a recognisable arrangement of eyes, with two directed to the rear so it can detect prey from behind or to the side.<br /><br />
The female of the species will carry her egg sac attached to her spinnerets.<br />
<br />
The Black spider-hunter wasp (Pricocnemis nitidiven- tris) stings and paralyses small wolf spiders then takes them to its nest. An egg is laid on the body, which is later consumed by the developing wasp larvae.<br />
<br />
Wolf spiders head showing the two prominent eyes.<br />
<br />
<br /><br />
<br /><br />
A Garden Wolf spider<br /><br />
[http://ketenewplymouth.peoplesnetworknz.info/image_files/0000/0001/0724/wolfe_spider_Lycosa_hilaris-10.JPG]<br /><br />
<br />
<br />
Female Garden Wolf Spider carrying an egg sac attached to her spinnerets.Notice the strands of silk attached to the egg. She carries this egg sac around attached to her body for about a month. When the spiderlings hatch they then climb up on their mothers back and are carried around till they moult[http://ketenewplymouth.peoplesnetworknz.info/image_files/0000/0001/3389/Anoteropsis_hilaris__Lycosa_hilaris__garden_wolf_spider_with_egg_.-1.JPG]<br />
<br />
<div><br />
<br />
If the silk attachments are broken she carries the egg under her body.<br />
<br />
[http://ketenewplymouth.peoplesnetworknz.info/image_files/0000/0001/3394/Anoteropsis_hilaris__Lycosa_hilaris__garden_wolf_spider_with_egg_.-7.JPG]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
</div><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-----<br />
<br />
<br />
</div><br />
<br />
</div><br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Spiders]]<br />
[[Category:Phil Bendle Collection]]</div>Move page scripthttps://citscihub.nz/w/index.php?title=Phil_Bendle_Collection:Wolf_spider_(Lycosidae)_Unidentified_species_1&diff=6702Phil Bendle Collection:Wolf spider (Lycosidae) Unidentified species 12019-07-31T01:36:34Z<p>Move page script: Move page script moved page Wolf spider (Lycosidae) Unidentified species 1 to Phil Bendle Collection:Wolf spider (Lycosidae) Unidentified species 1 without leaving a redirect</p>
<hr />
<div><div><br />
<br />
<div id="main"><br />
<br />
'''Kingdom''': Animalia<br /><br />
'''Phylum:''' Arthropoda<br /><br />
'''Class:''' Arachnida<br /><br />
'''Order:''' Araneae<br /><br />
'''Suborder:''' Araneomorphae<br /><br />
'''Family''': Lycosidae<br /><br />
'''Common names''' Wolf spiders<br />
<br />
The worldwide the family Lycosidae contain &gt;100 genera, c. 2300 species.<br /><br />
New Zealand has 27 species of wolf spiders in 6 genera.<br />
<br />
They have eight eyes arranged in three rows. The bottom row consists of four small eyes, the middle row has two very large eyes (which distinguishes them from the Pisauridae), and the top row has two medium-sized eyes. They depend on their excellent eyesight to hunt. They also possess an acute sense of touch.<br /><br />
Wolf spiders are unique in the way that they carry their eggs. The egg sac, a round silken globe, is attached to the spinnerets at the end of the abdomen, allowing the spider to carry her unborn young with her. The abdomen must be held in a raised position to keep the egg case from dragging on the ground. However, despite this handicap, they are still capable of hunting. Another aspect unique to wolf spiders is their method of infant care. Immediately after the spiderlings emerge from their protective silken case, they clamber up their mother's legs and crowd onto her abdomen.<br />
<br />
[http://ketenewplymouth.peoplesnetworknz.info/image_files/0000/0009/3503/Wolf_Spiders__Family_Lycosidae_-001.JPG] <br /><br />
<br /><br />
Thanks to Wikipedia for text and information: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-----<br />
<br />
<br />
</div><br />
<br />
</div><br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Spiders]]<br />
[[Category:Phil Bendle Collection]]</div>Move page scripthttps://citscihub.nz/w/index.php?title=Phil_Bendle_Collection:Wolf_spider_(Lycosidae)_Unidentified_species_2&diff=6703Phil Bendle Collection:Wolf spider (Lycosidae) Unidentified species 22019-07-31T01:36:34Z<p>Move page script: Move page script moved page Wolf spider (Lycosidae) Unidentified species 2 to Phil Bendle Collection:Wolf spider (Lycosidae) Unidentified species 2 without leaving a redirect</p>
<hr />
<div><div><br />
<br />
<div id="main"><br />
<br />
'''Kingdom''': Animalia<br /><br />
'''Phylum:''' Arthropoda<br /><br />
'''Class:''' Arachnida<br /><br />
'''Order''': Araneae<br /><br />
'''Suborder:''' Araneomorphae<br /><br />
'''Family:''' Lycosidae<br /><br />
'''Common names''' Wolf spiders<br />
<br />
The worldwide the family Lycosidae contain &gt;100 genera, c. 2300 species. They have eight eyes arranged in three rows. The bottom row consists of four small eyes, the middle row has two very large eyes (which distinguishes them from the Pisauridae), and the top row has two medium-sized eyes. They depend on their excellent eyesight to hunt. They also possess an acute sense of touch.<br /><br />
The spider's egg sac is a round silken globe attached to the spinnerets at the end of the abdomen, allowing the spider to carry her unborn young with her. The abdomen must be held in a raised position to keep the egg case from dragging on the ground. However, despite this handicap, they are still capable of hunting. Another aspect unique to wolf spiders is their method of infant care. Immediately after the spiderlings emerge from their protective silken case, they clamber up their mother's legs and crowd onto her abdomen.<br />
<br />
A species of wolf spider in a nest made of grains of dirt etc stuck together. The top of the nest is removed to expose the spider. <br /><br />
<br /><br />
<br /><br />
Thanks to Wikipedia for text and information: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-----<br />
<br />
<br />
</div><br />
<br />
</div><br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Spiders]]<br />
[[Category:Phil Bendle Collection]]</div>Move page scripthttps://citscihub.nz/w/index.php?title=Phil_Bendle_Collection:Wolf_spider_(Lycosidae)_Unidentified_species_3&diff=6704Phil Bendle Collection:Wolf spider (Lycosidae) Unidentified species 32019-07-31T01:36:34Z<p>Move page script: Move page script moved page Wolf spider (Lycosidae) Unidentified species 3 to Phil Bendle Collection:Wolf spider (Lycosidae) Unidentified species 3 without leaving a redirect</p>
<hr />
<div><div><br />
<br />
<div id="main"><br />
<br />
'''Kingdom''': Animalia<br /><br />
'''Phylum:''' Arthropoda<br /><br />
'''Class:''' Arachnida<br /><br />
'''Order:''' Araneae<br /><br />
'''Suborder:''' Araneomorphae<br /><br />
'''Family:''' Lycosidae<br /><br />
'''Common names:''' Wolf spiders<br />
<br />
The worldwide the family Lycosidae contain &gt;100 genera, c. 2300 species. They have eight eyes arranged in three rows. The bottom row consists of four small eyes, the middle row has two very large eyes (which distinguishes them from the Pisauridae), and the top row has two medium-sized eyes. They depend on their excellent eyesight to hunt. They also possess an acute sense of touch.<br /><br />
The spider's egg sac is a round silken globe attached to the spinnerets at the end of the abdomen, allowing the spider to carry her unborn young with her. The abdomen must be held in a raised position to keep the egg case from dragging on the ground. However, despite this handicap, they are still capable of hunting. Another aspect unique to wolf spiders is their method of infant care. Immediately after the spiderlings emerge from their protective silken case, they clamber up their mother's legs and crowd onto her abdomen.<br />
<br />
[http://ketenewplymouth.peoplesnetworknz.info/image_files/0000/0011/9388/1-Wolf_Spider__Family_Lycosidae.JPG]<br />
<br />
Thanks to Wikipedia for text and information: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/<br /><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-----<br />
<br />
<br />
</div><br />
<br />
</div><br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Spiders]]<br />
[[Category:Phil Bendle Collection]]</div>Move page scripthttps://citscihub.nz/w/index.php?title=Phil_Bendle_Collection:Wollemia_nobilis_(Wollemi_Pine)&diff=6705Phil Bendle Collection:Wollemia nobilis (Wollemi Pine)2019-07-31T01:36:34Z<p>Move page script: Move page script moved page Wollemia nobilis (Wollemi Pine) to Phil Bendle Collection:Wollemia nobilis (Wollemi Pine) without leaving a redirect</p>
<hr />
<div><div><br />
<br />
<div id="main"><br />
<br />
'''Kingdom:''' Plantae<br /><br />
'''Division:''' Pinophyta<br /><br />
'''Class:''' Pinopsida<br /><br />
'''Order:''' Pinales<br /><br />
'''Family:''' Araucariaceae<br /><br />
'''Genus:''' Wollemia<br /><br />
'''Species:''' W. nobilis<br /><br />
'''Binomial name:''' Wollemia nobilis<br /><br />
'''Common name:''' Wollemi Pine<br />
<br />
Wollemia nobilis was discovered by David Noble, a NSW National Parks and Wildlife Officer during 1994 in the Wollemi National Park in the Blue Mountains, Australia where fewer than a hundred trees are known to be growing wild. The exact location is still undisclosed to the public.<br /><br />
It is one of the world's oldest and rarest plants dating back to the time of the dinosaurs. Previously it was know only as a fossilised form which dated to 200 million years ago.<br /><br />
It is now classified as Critically Endangered on the International Union for Conservation of Nature's Red List, and is legally protected in Australia.<br /><br />
Wollemia nobilis is not a true pine in the genus Pinus and is related to Agathis and Araucaria in the family Araucariaceae. It is relative to the Kauri, Norfolk Island, Hoop, Bunya and Monkey Puzzle pines.<br /><br />
<br /><br />
It is an evergreen tree reaching 25–40 m tall with dark brown and knobbly bark. The unusual leaves are flat and linear, 3–8 cm long and 2–5 mm broad. They are arranged spirally on the shoot but twisted at the base to appear in two or four flattened ranks. New foliage is apple green, but turns bluish over time. During colder months the foliage is tinged with bronze. <br /><br />
Wollemi pines reproduce both sexually, through wind-pollination, and vegetatively, which leads to numerous trunks developing on a single tree. It develops seed cones which are are green, 6–12 cm long and 5–10 cm in diameter, and they mature in about 18–20 months after wind pollination. The male cones which produce pollen are reddish-brown in colour and are 5–11 cm long and 1–2 cm broad and they develop lower on the tree than the seed cones. <br />
<br />
This is New Zealand's first planted Wollemia nobilis. It was planted January 2013 in Christchurch's botanical gardens to celebrate the garden's 150th anniversary. It is protected by a cage to stop thieves and people taking cuttings. This tree was grown by tissue culture at the Ambrosia Nursery, near Christchurch, under licence after the Environmental Protection Authority and iwi approved it.<br /><br />
Read the approval by ERMA New Zealand allowing the cultivation of Wollemia nobilis (pdf, 130 kb) http://www.epa.govt.nz/Documents/NOR04003-decision.pdf[http://ketenewplymouth.peoplesnetworknz.info/image_files/0000/0008/1458/wollemi_pine-005.JPG]<br />
<br />
<div><br />
<br />
This is a young specimen about 1 m high grown by tissue culture at the Ambrosia Nurseries, 57 Selwyn Rd, Prebbleton, Christchurch. <br />
<br />
[http://ketenewplymouth.peoplesnetworknz.info/image_files/0000/0008/1463/Wollemia_nobilis__Wollemi_Pine__Wollemi.JPG] <br />
Photo showing the apple green new growth.<br /><br />
[http://ketenewplymouth.peoplesnetworknz.info/image_files/0000/0008/1468/Wollemia_nobilis__Wollemi_Pine_-001.JPG] <br />
<br />
The distinctive stem of a young tree.<br /><br />
[http://ketenewplymouth.peoplesnetworknz.info/image_files/0000/0008/1473/Wollemia_nobilis__Wollemi_Pine_-002.JPG] <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Photo of the winter resting stage, with terminal bud encased in a globule of resin, called a polar bud. New growth occurs in early summer, see photo below.[http://ketenewplymouth.peoplesnetworknz.info/image_files/0000/0008/1478/Wollemia_nobilis__Wollemi_Pine_-003.JPG] <br />
<br />
<br />
</div><br />
<div><br />
<br />
Photo of the new growth occuring early summer.<br />
<br />
[http://ketenewplymouth.peoplesnetworknz.info/image_files/0000/0008/1483/Wollemia_nobilis__Wollemi_Pine_-004.JPG] <br />
Young plants growing in controlled conditions at Ambrosia Nurseries, Christchurch.<br /><br />
[http://ketenewplymouth.peoplesnetworknz.info/image_files/0000/0008/1488/Wollemia_nobilis__Wollemi_Pine_-005.JPG] <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Nurseryman Greg Kitson holding a young specimen ready for sale. http://www.gardeningsolutionz.co.nz/wollemi-pine[http://ketenewplymouth.peoplesnetworknz.info/image_files/0000/0008/1493/Wollemia_nobilis__Wollemi_Pine_-012.JPG]<br />
<br />
<br />
</div><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-----<br />
<br />
<br />
</div><br />
<br />
</div><br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Trees (Exotic)]]<br />
[[Category:Phil Bendle Collection]]</div>Move page scripthttps://citscihub.nz/w/index.php?title=Phil_Bendle_Collection:Woodlice_(Arthropod)_Order_Isopoda&diff=6706Phil Bendle Collection:Woodlice (Arthropod) Order Isopoda2019-07-31T01:36:34Z<p>Move page script: Move page script moved page Woodlice (Arthropod) Order Isopoda to Phil Bendle Collection:Woodlice (Arthropod) Order Isopoda without leaving a redirect</p>
<hr />
<div><div><br />
<br />
<div id="main"><br />
<br />
'''Kingdom:''' Animalia<br /><br />
'''Phylum:''' Arthropoda<br /><br />
'''Subphylum:''' Crustacea<br /><br />
'''Class:''' Malacostraca<br /><br />
'''Subclass:''' Eumalacostraca<br /><br />
'''Superorder: ''' Peracarida<br /><br />
'''Order:''' Isopoda<br /><br />
'''Suborder''': Oniscoidea.<br /><br />
Common names: woodlice, Woodlouse<br /><br />
<br /><br />
A woodlice is not classed as an insect, it is an Arthropod which is an invertebrate animal having an exoskeleton (external skeleton), a segmented body, and jointed appendages (paired appendages).<br />
<br />
Isopoda is an order (group) of crustaceans that includes woodlice, sea slaters and their relatives. Isopods live in the<br /><br />
sea, in fresh water, or on land, and most are small greyish or whitish animals with rigid, segmented exoskeletons (external skeletons). They have two pairs of antennae, seven pairs of jointed limbs on the thorax, and five pairs of branching appendages on the abdomen that are used in respiration. Females brood their young in a pouch under their thorax. Isopods have various feeding methods: some eat dead or decaying plant and animal matter, others are grazers or strain food particles from the water around them, a few are predators, and some are internal or external parasites, mostly of fishes. Aquatic species mostly live on the seabed or bottom of freshwater bodies of water, but some more derived taxa (advanced groups) can swim for a short distance. Terrestrial forms move around by crawling and tend to be found in cool, moist places. Some species are able to roll themselves into a ball to conserve moisture or as a defence mechanism. (Wikipedia).<br />
<br />
Terrestrial Isopodas play an important role in soil ecosystems by feeding on dead and decaying organic matter. They mix the litter, disperse fungal spores, and produce numerous faecal pellets. These activities enhance the decomposition process and speed up the recycling of soil nutrients.<br />
<br />
For more details on Isopoda visit Massey University Guide to NZ Soil Invertebrates at http://soilbugs.massey.ac.nz/isopoda.php<br />
<br />
There is about 3,500 species of terrestrial Isopoda have been described worldwide; many more species are probably still undiscovered. Below are a few that are found in New Zealand.<br /><br />
An isopod found in decaying wood.<br /><br />
[http://ketenewplymouth.peoplesnetworknz.info/image_files/0000/0009/9868/Isopods_Order_Isopoda-003.JPG] <br />
<br />
Woodlice (Armadillidium species)<br /><br />
[http://ketenewplymouth.peoplesnetworknz.info/image_files/0000/0000/5038/Slater__Te_Henui__New_Plymouth.JPG] <br />
<br />
Woodlice (Blue) Porcellio scaber<br /><br />
<br />
<br />
Woodlice (Pink colour form) Porcellio Species<br /><br />
[http://ketenewplymouth.peoplesnetworknz.info/image_files/0000/0002/1669/Slater__Pink__Porcellio_Species-1.JPG]<br />
<br />
Thanks to Wikipedia for text and information: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/<br />
<br />
<br /><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-----<br />
<br />
<br />
</div><br />
<br />
</div><br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Insects]]<br />
[[Category:Phil Bendle Collection]]</div>Move page scripthttps://citscihub.nz/w/index.php?title=Phil_Bendle_Collection:Woodlice_(Orange_colour_form)_Porcellio_scaber&diff=6707Phil Bendle Collection:Woodlice (Orange colour form) Porcellio scaber2019-07-31T01:36:34Z<p>Move page script: Move page script moved page Woodlice (Orange colour form) Porcellio scaber to Phil Bendle Collection:Woodlice (Orange colour form) Porcellio scaber without leaving a redirect</p>
<hr />
<div><div><br />
<br />
<div id="main"><br />
<br />
'''Kingdom:''' Animalia<br /><br />
'''Phylum:''' Arthropoda<br /><br />
'''Subphylum:''' Crustacea<br /><br />
'''Class:''' Malacostraca<br /><br />
'''Order:''' Isopoda<br /><br />
'''Suborder:''' Oniscoidea<br /><br />
'''Family:''' Porcellionidae<br /><br />
'''Genus:''' Porcellio<br /><br />
'''Species:''' scaber<br /><br />
'''Scientific name:''' Porcellio scaber<br /><br />
'''Common Names:''' Orange woodlice,<br />
<br />
The Orange woodlice is a rare colour form the common slater Porcellio scaber.<br /><br />
The family Porcellionidae cannot roll into a ball, as opposed to the species of family Armadillidiidae, which can. This family contains 530 species in 17 genera, found on every continent except Antarctica. Woodlice need moisture because they breathe through gills, called pseudotrachea, and so are usually found in damp, dark places, such as under rocks and logs. They are usually nocturnal and are detritivores, feeding mostly on dead plant matter, although they have been known to feed on cultivated plants, such as ripening strawberries and tender seedlings. Woodlice then recycle the nutrients back into the soil.<br /><br />
The woodlouse has a shell-like exoskeleton, which it must progressively shed as it grows. The moult takes place in two stages; the back half is lost first, followed two or three days later by the front. This method of moulting is different from that of most arthropods, which shed their cuticle in a single process. A female woodlouse will keep fertilised eggs in a marsupium on the underside of her body until they hatch into small, white offspring. The mother then appears to &quot;give birth&quot; to her offspring. Some species of woodlouse are able to roll into a ball-like form when threatened by predators, leaving only their armoured back exposed. (not the Porcellio scaber in the photos).<br /><br />
Woodlice do not produce urine. Instead of excreting urine, woodlice excrete their nitrogenous waste in the form of ammonia gas. Most animals find ammonia to be too toxic for excretion and so any ammonia formed is normally converted to urea or uric acid for excretion. Woodlice seem to have very high resistance to ammonia and are able to excrete it as a gas directly through the surface of their exoskeleton. This means that they do not need to use energy to convert the ammonia to urea or uric acid before excretion.<br /><br />
Woodlice have blue blood because along with most other crustaceans they have the compound haemocyanin in their blood. Haemocycanin carries oxygen in the same way that haemoglobin does in mammals. Haemocycanin contains a copper atom instead of the iron atom found in haemoglobin. The blood is pale blue when it is carrying oxygen. Because a woodlouse contains very small amounts of haemocycanin it is not possible to see these colour changes by direct observation.<br /><br />
Woodlice, like many other animals, eat their faeces. (Coprophagy ). In the case of woodlice, this helps them to reabsorb sufficient copper minerals which have been lost in their faeces. Bacterial action on the faeces probably changes the copper to a form which is more easily absorbed into their bodies. Coprophagy is the term used to refer to the eating of faeces.<br /><br />
Woodlice get water by drinking through their anus but they can also drink it through their mouthparts. To drink through their anus they use their uropods. The uropods are tube-like structures on the posterior (back end) of the animal. When they use them for drinking they press their uropods close together and touch it against a moist surface. Capillary action pulls the water up the uropods and into the anus. Woodlice also seem to be able to absorb water vapour directly through their exoskeleton surface in regions of high humidity, and in fact, if they remain in high humidity regions for too long they appear to become waterlogged and then tend to move to areas of lower humidity.<br />
<br />
For more detailed information on its taxonomy visit[http://www.terrain.net.nz/%20http:/www.porcellio.scaber.org/woodlice/taxonomy.htm http://www.porcellio.scaber.org/woodlice/taxonomy.htm]<br />
<br />
[http://ketenewplymouth.peoplesnetworknz.info/image_files/0000/0012/3543/1-Woodlice__Orange_form__Porcellio_scaber.JPG]<br />
<br />
[http://ketenewplymouth.peoplesnetworknz.info/image_files/0000/0002/1899/Porcellio_scaber__Orange_woodlice-1.JPG]<br />
<br />
[http://ketenewplymouth.peoplesnetworknz.info/image_files/0000/0002/1909/Porcellio_scaber__Orange_woodlice.JPG]<br />
<br />
[http://ketenewplymouth.peoplesnetworknz.info/image_files/0000/0002/1904/Porcellio_scaber__Orange_woodlice-2.JPG]<br />
[http://ketenewplymouth.peoplesnetworknz.info/image_files/0000/0001/3589/Orange_Porcellio_scaber__Orange_slater-3.JPG] <br />
<br />
Thanks to Wikipedia for text and information: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/<br /><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-----<br />
<br />
<br />
</div><br />
<br />
</div><br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Insects]]<br />
[[Category:Phil Bendle Collection]]</div>Move page scripthttps://citscihub.nz/w/index.php?title=Phil_Bendle_Collection:Woodlice_(Pillbugs)_Genus_Armadillidium&diff=6708Phil Bendle Collection:Woodlice (Pillbugs) Genus Armadillidium2019-07-31T01:36:34Z<p>Move page script: Move page script moved page Woodlice (Pillbugs) Genus Armadillidium to Phil Bendle Collection:Woodlice (Pillbugs) Genus Armadillidium without leaving a redirect</p>
<hr />
<div><div><br />
<br />
<div id="main"><br />
<br />
'''Kingdom:''' Animalia<br /><br />
'''Phylum:''' Arthropoda<br /><br />
'''Subphylum:''' Crustacea<br /><br />
'''Superclass:''' Multicrustacea<br /><br />
'''Class:''' Malacostraca<br /><br />
'''Superorder:''' Peracarida<br /><br />
'''Order:''' Isopoda<br /><br />
'''Suborder:''' Oniscidea<br /><br />
'''Family:''' Armadillida<br /><br />
'''Genus:''' Armadillidium<br /><br />
'''Species:''' about 180<br /><br />
'''Common names''': Pillbugs, Slaters, Pill woodlice, Leg pebbles, Roly-poly<br />
<br />
Armadillidium is a genus of the small terrestrial crustacean with a rigid, segmented, long exoskeleton and fourteen jointed limbs. They are known as a woodlouse (woodlice plural). Armadillidium is often confused with pill millipedes such as Glomeris marginata. They are characterised by their ability to roll into a ball when disturbed. They typically feed on moss, algae, bark and other decaying organic matter. They are usually found in moist areas such as decomposing leaf matter and soil.<br /><br />
Unlike other terrestrial arthropods such as insects and spiders, pill bugs do not have a waxy cuticle that would reduce evaporation from their bodies. Pill bugs also use modified lungs, called pseudotrachea, for respiration, and the lungs must remain moist to function. Individual pill bugs typically live for two or three years, and females brood eggs once or twice each summer. Several hundred eggs are brooded at a time in the marsupium, a pocket on the ventral side of the female pill bug. The marsupium must also be kept filled with water until the young hatch and crawl away.<br />
<br />
Pill millipedes can be distinguished from woodlice on the basis of having two pairs of legs per body segment instead of one pair like all isopods. Pill millipedes have twelve to thirteen body segments, with a large shield-like posterior segment, whereas woodlice have eleven, and small posterior segments. In addition, pill millipedes are smoother and resemble normal millipedes in overall colouring and the shape of the segments.<br />
<br />
A poster showing how this species rolls up into a ball.<br /><br />
[http://www.terrain.net.nz/uploads/images/Te%20Henui/Fauna/Woodlouse_poster-001.jpg]<br />
<br />
A pillbug found in Bellbock, Taranaki<br /><br />
[http://ketenewplymouth.peoplesnetworknz.info/image_files/0000/0010/7323/Woodlice__Genus_Armadillidium_pillbug.JPG] <br />
<br />
The underside.<br /><br />
[http://ketenewplymouth.peoplesnetworknz.info/image_files/0000/0010/7328/Woodlice__Genus_Armadillidium_pillbug-004.JPG]<br />
<br />
Found in the Te Henui Valley New Plymouth<br /><br />
<br />
<br />
[http://ketenewplymouth.peoplesnetworknz.info/image_files/0000/0003/3904/Woodlice__Armadillidium_Species_slater.JPG] <br />
<br />
Thanks to Wikipedia for text and information: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/<br /><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-----<br />
<br />
<br />
</div><br />
<br />
</div><br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Insects]]<br />
[[Category:Phil Bendle Collection]]</div>Move page scripthttps://citscihub.nz/w/index.php?title=Phil_Bendle_Collection:Woodlice_(Pink_colour_form)_Porcellio_Species&diff=6709Phil Bendle Collection:Woodlice (Pink colour form) Porcellio Species2019-07-31T01:36:34Z<p>Move page script: Move page script moved page Woodlice (Pink colour form) Porcellio Species to Phil Bendle Collection:Woodlice (Pink colour form) Porcellio Species without leaving a redirect</p>
<hr />
<div><div><br />
<br />
<div id="main"><br />
<br />
'''Kingdom:''' Animalia<br /><br />
'''Phylum:''' Arthropoda<br /><br />
'''Subphylum:''' Crustacea<br /><br />
'''Class:''' Malacostraca<br /><br />
'''Order:''' Isopoda<br /><br />
'''Suborder:''' Oniscoidea<br /><br />
'''Family:''' Porcellionidae<br /><br />
'''Genus:''' Porcellio<br /><br />
'''Species:''' Porcellio scaber<br />
<br />
These pink woodlice was found under rotting pine bark in New Plymouth.<br />
<br />
[http://ketenewplymouth.peoplesnetworknz.info/image_files/0000/0002/1669/Slater__Pink__Porcellio_Species-1.JPG]<br />
<br />
Head<br /><br />
[http://ketenewplymouth.peoplesnetworknz.info/image_files/0000/0002/1674/Slater__Pink__Porcellio_Species-2.JPG]<br />
<br />
Woodlice can drink water by using their uropods (see photo). The uropods are tube-like structures on the posterior (back end) of the animal. When they use them for drinking they press their uropods to close together and touch it against a moist surface. Capillary action pulls the water up the uropods and into the anus.[http://ketenewplymouth.peoplesnetworknz.info/image_files/0000/0002/1679/Slater__Pink__Porcellio_Species-3.jpg]<br />
<br />
Thanks to Wikipedia for text and information: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-----<br />
<br />
<br />
</div><br />
<br />
</div><br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Insects]]<br />
[[Category:Phil Bendle Collection]]</div>Move page scripthttps://citscihub.nz/w/index.php?title=Phil_Bendle_Collection:Woodlice_(Porcellio_scaber)&diff=6710Phil Bendle Collection:Woodlice (Porcellio scaber)2019-07-31T01:36:34Z<p>Move page script: Move page script moved page Woodlice (Porcellio scaber) to Phil Bendle Collection:Woodlice (Porcellio scaber) without leaving a redirect</p>
<hr />
<div><div><br />
<br />
<div id="main"><br />
<br />
'''Kingdom:''' Animalia<br /><br />
'''Phylum:''' Arthropoda<br /><br />
'''Subphylum:''' Crustacea<br /><br />
'''Class:''' Malacostraca<br /><br />
'''Order:''' Isopoda<br /><br />
'''Suborder:''' Oniscoidea<br /><br />
'''Family:''' Porcellionidae<br /><br />
'''Genus:''' Porcellio<br /><br />
'''Species:'''scaber<br /><br />
'''Scientific name:''' Porcellio scaber<br /><br />
'''Common Names:''' Woodlice (plural), Woodlouse, slater,<br />
<br />
The family Porcellionidae cannot roll into a ball, as opposed to the species of family Armadillidiidae, which can. This family contains 530 species in 17 genera, found on every continent except Antarctica. Woodlice need moisture because they breathe through gills, called pseudotrachea, and so are usually found in damp, dark places, such as under rocks and logs. They are usually nocturnal and are detritivores, feeding mostly on dead plant matter, although they have been known to feed on cultivated plants, such as ripening strawberries and tender seedlings. Woodlice then recycle the nutrients back into the soil.<br /><br />
The woodlouse has a shell-like exoskeleton, which it must progressively shed as it grows. The moult takes place in two stages; the back half is lost first, followed two or three days later by the front. This method of moulting is different from that of most arthropods, which shed their cuticle in a single process. A female woodlouse will keep fertilised eggs in a marsupium on the underside of her body until they hatch into small, white offspring. The mother then appears to &quot;give birth&quot; to her offspring. Some species of woodlouse are able to roll into a ball-like form when threatened by predators, leaving only their armoured back exposed. ( not the Porcellio scaber in the photos).<br />
<br />
Woodlice do not produce urine. instead of excreting urine they excrete their nitrogenous waste in the form of ammonia gas. Most animals find ammonia to be too toxic for excretion and so any ammonia formed is normally converted to urea or uric acid for excretion. Woodlice seem to have very high resistance to ammonia and are able to excrete it as a gas directly through the surface of their exoskeleton. This means that they do not need to use energy to convert the ammonia to urea or uric acid before excretion.<br /><br />
Woodlice have blue blood because along with most other crustaceans they have the compound haemocyanin in their blood. Haemocycanin carries oxygen in the same way that haemoglobin does in mammals. Haemocycanin contains a copper atom instead of the iron atom found in haemoglobin. The blood is pale blue when it is carrying oxygen. Because a woodlouse contains very small amounts of haemocycanin it is not possible to see these colour changes by direct observation.<br /><br />
Woodlice, like many other animals, eat their faeces. In the case of woodlice, this helps them to reabsorb sufficient copper minerals which have been lost in their faeces. Bacterial action on the faeces probably changes the copper to a form which is more easily absorbed into their bodies. Coprophagy is the term used to refer to the eating of faeces.<br /><br />
Drinking through the anus Woodlice get water with their food. But they can also drink it through their mouthparts and also by using their uropods. The uropods are tube-like structures on the posterior (back end) of the animal. When they use them for drinking they press their uropods close together and touch it against a moist surface. Capillary action pulls the water up the uropods and into the anus.<br /><br />
Woodlice also seem to be able to absorb water vapour directly through their exoskeleton surface in regions of high humidity, and in fact, if they remain in high humidity regions for too long they appear to become waterlogged and then tend to move to areas of lower humidity.<br />
<br />
For more detailed information on its taxonomy visit http://www.porcellio.scaber.org/woodlice/taxonomy.htm<br />
<br />
Photo of Porcellio scaber <br />
<br />
Photo of a Porcellio scaber and cockroach egg cases to show their comparative size<br /><br />
[http://ketenewplymouth.peoplesnetworknz.info/image_files/0000/0005/0544/Cockroach_egg_cases__genus__Celatoblatta.JPG]<br />
<br />
A colour form found in a worm farm.<br /><br />
[http://ketenewplymouth.peoplesnetworknz.info/image_files/0000/0013/1688/1-Porcellio_scaber.JPG]<br /><br />
<br /><br />
Photo of juvenile Porcellio scaber[http://ketenewplymouth.peoplesnetworknz.info/image_files/0000/0000/2433/Porcellio_scaber_2.jpg]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-----<br />
<br />
<br />
</div><br />
<br />
</div><br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Insects]]<br />
[[Category:Phil Bendle Collection]]</div>Move page scripthttps://citscihub.nz/w/index.php?title=Phil_Bendle_Collection:Worm_(Velvet)_New_Zealand&diff=6711Phil Bendle Collection:Worm (Velvet) New Zealand2019-07-31T01:36:34Z<p>Move page script: Move page script moved page Worm (Velvet) New Zealand to Phil Bendle Collection:Worm (Velvet) New Zealand without leaving a redirect</p>
<hr />
<div><div><br />
<br />
<div id="main"><br />
<br />
'''Kingdom:''' Animalia<br /><br />
'''Phylum:''' Onychophora<br /><br />
'''Class:''' Udeonychophora<br /><br />
'''Order:''' Euonychophora<br /><br />
'''Family:''' Peripatidae<br /><br />
'''Genus:''' Peripatus or Genus: Ooperipatellus<br /><br />
'''Species:''' 9 species have been described to date.<br /><br />
'''Common name:''' Velvet worm, walking worm, ngaokeoke.<br />
<br />
There are approximately 200 species of peripatus worldwide and are believed to be an evolutionary &quot;link&quot; between annelids and arthropods.<br /><br />
In New Zealand, there may be up to 30 different species but only 9 have been described: <br /><br />
Peripatoides aurorbis (Auckland, Waikato), <br /><br />
Peripatoides suteri (Taranaki Waitakere ranges, Whakapapa, Coromandel). <br /><br />
Peripatoides indigo (Nelson region), <br /><br />
Peripatoides sympatrica, <br /><br />
Peripatoides kawakaensis,<br /><br />
Peripatoides morgani (Waikato, south through central North Island.<br /><br />
Peripatoides novaezealandiae (Wellington area).<br /><br />
Ooperipatellus viridimaculatus (Most of the South Island). <br /><br />
Ooperipatellus nanus (Takitimu Ranges, Fiordland).<br />
<br />
All species of Peripatus described from New Zealand belong to two genera – '''Peripatoides genus''' which all are ovoviviparous (live-bearing) and '''Ooperipatellus genus''' of which three are ovoviviparous (live-bearing) forms and two are oviparous (lay eggs). New Zealand Peripatus grow up to 35mm in length.<br /><br />
Peripatuses are nocturnal invertebrate that resembles a caterpillar with many pairs of legs (13-16). The legs are not jointed like arthropod legs, although they possess arthropod-like claws. The outer covering of the body is a cuticle covered in unique microscopic projections known as papillae. These papillae give Peripatus its velvety texture. The body is composed of segments like those of annelids (segmented worms), with segmentally arranged nephridia (a vertebrate kidney). Excretion is through these nephridia. The eyes are similar to those of annelids.<br /><br />
They breathe through spiracles. There are some 2000 of these tiny openings in the body cuticle. They are short, simple, unbranched tubes that completely lack any closing mechanisms and thereby render Peripatus prone to dehydration. Antennae are present on the head. <br /><br />
Peripatus is a nocturnal carnivore. They feed by trapping prey (mostly small insects) in twin streams of a white, sticky fluid that it ejects from two heavily internally branched slime glands (oral papillae) near its head. These openings are on the third head segment, to the left and right of the mouth. The New Zealand Peripatus species can shoot this net like glue a few centimetres. The fluid hardens on contact with the air immobilizing the prey. It then chews a hole in its prey's exoskeleton with its claw-like mandibles and injects hydrolytic, digestive enzymes. These dissolve the internal organs which it then sucks out the prey's pre-digested viscera.<br /><br />
New Zealand species are thought to live for 5 years and the females can produce 10–20 offspring each year. They are threatened by habitat loss and by predators such as introduced birds, rats and hedgehogs. <br /><br />
<br /><br />
This link is to an informative publication on Peripatus by the Department of Conservation.http://www.doc.govt.nz/Documents/conservation/native-animals/invertebrates/peripatus-ngaokeoke-report.pdf<br />
<br />
This is a link to details of some of NZ Peripatus<br /><br />
http://www.landcareresearch.co.nz/science/plants-animals-fungi/animals/invertebrates/systematics/onchyphora/current-taxonomic-status<br />
<br />
A video showing the spraying of a net onto a prey.<br /><br />
VIDEO&gt;<br />
<br />
An unidentified velvet worm.<br /><br />
[http://www.terrain.net.nz/uploads/images/Te%20Henui/Fauna/Velvet_worm%20by%20%20Geoff%20Gallice.jpg]<br />
<br />
Peripatus novaezealandiae (Wellington)<br /><br />
[http://ketenewplymouth.peoplesnetworknz.info/image_files/0000/0010/6423/Peripatus_novaezealandiae__Wellington.jpg]<br />
<br />
The range of Peripatus species in New Zealand.<br /><br />
<br /><br />
The remnants of the glue-like net sprayed by Peripatus.[http://ketenewplymouth.peoplesnetworknz.info/image_files/0000/0010/4163/Peripatus_sign_Pureora_092__Large_-001.JPG]<br />
<br />
Thanks to Wikipedia for text and information: [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/%20 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ ]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-----<br />
<br />
<br />
</div><br />
<br />
</div><br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Snails, Slugs and Worms]]<br />
[[Category:Phil Bendle Collection]]</div>Move page scripthttps://citscihub.nz/w/index.php?title=Phil_Bendle_Collection:Worm_(Velvet)_Peripatoides_suteri&diff=6712Phil Bendle Collection:Worm (Velvet) Peripatoides suteri2019-07-31T01:36:34Z<p>Move page script: Move page script moved page Worm (Velvet) Peripatoides suteri to Phil Bendle Collection:Worm (Velvet) Peripatoides suteri without leaving a redirect</p>
<hr />
<div><div><br />
<br />
<div id="main"><br />
<br />
'''Kingdom''': Animalia<br /><br />
'''Phylum:''' Onychophora<br /><br />
'''Class:''' Udeonychophora<br /><br />
'''Order:''' Euonychophora<br /><br />
'''Family:''' Peripatidae<br /><br />
'''Genus:''' Peripatus<br /><br />
'''Species:''' Peripatoides suteri<br /><br />
'''Common name''': Velvet worm, Walking worm, ngaokeoke.<br />
<br />
Velvet worms originated in the Cambrian seas, and apparently were the first animals that walked on land. Today, they are only found in terrestrial habitats and are so rare that most humans will never see them.<br /><br />
Peripatoides suteri is a velvet worm (about 40 mm in length) and are found in the following locations: Taranaki Waitakere ranges, Whakapapa and the Coromandel.<br /><br />
They are always found in damp places such as rotting logs, under stones, under loose bark and damp leaf litter because are unable to close the spiracles into their body cavities and so dry out easily. They feed on small insects and other micro-organisms<br /><br />
Their common name “Velvet worm” is because of their soft velvet-like cuticle. Velvet worms do not have body segments, however, their head has three parts, the first contains their two highly sensitive antennae, the second their jaw and mouthparts, and the third the first pair of parapodia-like legs. This species is distinctive in possessing 16 pairs of legs, 4 (rarely 3) spinous pads and 4 (rarely 3) distal foot papillae.<br /><br />
They are ovoviviparous, giving birth to live young that have developed within their eggs in the mother’s twin oviducts.<br />
<br />
The yellow area is where Peripatoides suteri is found.<br /><br />
<br />
<br />
Photo showing 16 stumpy legs on one side of the worm. They are in pairs, a total of 32.[http://ketenewplymouth.peoplesnetworknz.info/image_files/0000/0011/6033/1-Peripatoides_suteri.JPG]<br />
<br />
[http://ketenewplymouth.peoplesnetworknz.info/image_files/0000/0011/6038/1-velvet_worm__Peripatus_suteri.JPG]<br />
<br />
[http://ketenewplymouth.peoplesnetworknz.info/image_files/0000/0011/6058/1-Velvet_worm__Peripatus_suteri-022.JPG]<br />
<br />
[http://ketenewplymouth.peoplesnetworknz.info/image_files/0000/0011/6053/1-Velvet_worm__Peripatus_suteri-025.JPG]<br />
<br />
[http://ketenewplymouth.peoplesnetworknz.info/image_files/0000/0011/6043/1-Velvet_worm__Peripatus_suteri-009.JPG]<br />
<br />
The worms two highly sensitive antennae. It has small black beady eyes on the head just back from the antennae.<br /><br />
[http://ketenewplymouth.peoplesnetworknz.info/image_files/0000/0011/6048/1-Velvet_worm__Peripatus_suteri-011.JPG]<br />
<br />
The remnants of the glue-like net sprayed by Peripatus.<br /><br />
[http://ketenewplymouth.peoplesnetworknz.info/image_files/0000/0010/4163/Peripatus_sign_Pureora_092__Large_-001.JPG]<br />
<br />
Thanks to Wikipedia for text and information: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-----<br />
<br />
<br />
</div><br />
<br />
</div><br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Snails, Slugs and Worms]]<br />
[[Category:Phil Bendle Collection]]</div>Move page scripthttps://citscihub.nz/w/index.php?title=Phil_Bendle_Collection:Worms_(Common)_Octolasion_cyaneum&diff=6713Phil Bendle Collection:Worms (Common) Octolasion cyaneum2019-07-31T01:36:34Z<p>Move page script: Move page script moved page Worms (Common) Octolasion cyaneum to Phil Bendle Collection:Worms (Common) Octolasion cyaneum without leaving a redirect</p>
<hr />
<div><div><br />
<br />
<div id="main"><br />
<br />
'''Kingdom:''' Animalia<br /><br />
'''Phylum:''' Annelida<br /><br />
'''Class:''' Clitellata<br /><br />
'''Order:''' Crassiclitellata<br /><br />
''''''Family:''' ''' Lumbricina<br /><br />
'''Genus:''' Octolasion<br /><br />
'''Species:''' O. cyaneum<br /><br />
'''Scientific name:''' Octolasion cyaneum<br />
<br />
Lumbricidae is the dominant earthworms of pastures and croplands of Europe. The New Zealand lumbricid worms are all of European origin and were probably brought to New Zealand by early European settlers with soil on the roots of imported plants or in ship ballast. Lumbricidae since has become the dominant earthworms in all cultivated soils of New Zealand, with four species - Aporrectodea (= Allolobophora) caliginosa, A. trapezoides, Lumbricus rubellus, and Octolasion cyaneum - very widespread. These Lumbricidae are topsoil species and live in soil close to the surface, where they feed on dung, dead roots and other dead plant material.<br />
<br />
'''Octolasion cyaneum''' is a large sluggish species commonly found in the topsoil of low-fertility pastures on many soil types, the population being of the order of 100,000 per acre.found in pastures and arable land, gardens and woodlands. It lives in the topsoil. Its diet is soil. Its typical size of an adult is 10cm. The body from the first segment to the saddle is partly or entirely pale in colour. Can vary from faint blue-grey to a pale rosy pink colour. It has a distinct yellow tail (last four or five segments). It may have a lilac blue line on the upper surface.<br />
<br />
Earthworms are hermaphrodites: They typically have two pairs of testes, surrounded by 2 pairs of testes sacs. There are 2 or 4 pairs of seminal vesicles which produce, store and release the sperm via the male pores, and ovaries and ovipores in segment 13 that release eggs via female pores on segment 14. However, most also have one or more pairs of spermathecae (depending on the species) that are internal sacs which receive and store sperm from the other worm in copulation. Mature earthworms display a glandular ring or saddle - clitellum - on the front portion of the body. Clitellum has a function in reproduction, and its size, shape and position vary between species.<br />
<br />
An earthworm link <span id="http://earthworm-oligochaete.blogspot.com/2010/08/octolasion-cyaneum.html"></span>http://earthworm-oligochaete.blogspot.com/2010/08/octolasion-cyaneum.html<br />
<br />
Octolasion cyaneum, a commonly introduced earthworm<br /><br />
[http://ketenewplymouth.peoplesnetworknz.info/image_files/0000/0001/0114/Earthworm_Order_Haplotaxida_.JPG]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-----<br />
<br />
<br />
</div><br />
<br />
</div><br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Snails, Slugs and Worms]]<br />
[[Category:Phil Bendle Collection]]</div>Move page scripthttps://citscihub.nz/w/index.php?title=Phil_Bendle_Collection:Wheki-ponga_(Dicksonia_fibrosa)&diff=6689Phil Bendle Collection:Wheki-ponga (Dicksonia fibrosa)2019-07-31T01:36:33Z<p>Move page script: Move page script moved page Wheki-ponga (Dicksonia fibrosa) to Phil Bendle Collection:Wheki-ponga (Dicksonia fibrosa) without leaving a redirect</p>
<hr />
<div><div><br />
<br />
<div id="main"><br />
<br />
'''Kingdom:''' Plantae<br /><br />
'''Division:''' Pteridophyta<br /><br />
'''Class:''' Pteridopsida<br /><br />
'''Order:''' Cyatheales<br /><br />
'''Family:''' Dicksoniaceae<br /><br />
'''Genus:''' Dicksonia<br /><br />
'''Species:''' Dicksonia fibrosa<br /><br />
'''Common names:''' Woolly Tree Fern, Woolen tree fern, Kuripaka, Wheki-ponga, Jade green tree fern, Golden tree fern<br />
<br />
Dicksonia fibrosa is the slowest growing of the tree ferns (height up to 6 m) and is endemic. North, South, Stewart, and Chatham islands. Uncommon north of the Waikato River and the Coromandel Peninsula. It habits is forested situations from coastal to montane areas.<br /><br />
The fibrous trunk of Dicksonia fibrosa grows up to 60cm in diameter. and can be up to 10 m tall. The fibrous truck is much thicker and the fronds are much lighter than Dicksonia squarrosa. Most of the bulk of the stout trunks is made up of interwoven wiry roots. As the old fronds wither they simply hang down from the trunk like a skirt, this is important as these dead fronds protect the tree fern from drying out. The mature fronds are 2 metres long.<br />
<br />
The Maoris use to hew off wide slabs of the fibrous matter and utilise them in the building of food stores. This material is durable and is a bar to rats, which do not seem able to gnaw through it.<br />
<br />
This fern is growing in Pukekura Park New Plymouth on the path to the fernery.<br /><br />
.<br />
<br />
A juvenile plant<br /><br />
[http://ketenewplymouth.peoplesnetworknz.info/image_files/0000/0002/9969/Dicksonia_fibrosa__Wheki-ponga__Kuripaka-001.JPG]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Top surface of frond<br /><br />
[http://ketenewplymouth.peoplesnetworknz.info/image_files/0000/0002/9019/Dicksona_fibrosa__Wheki-ponga-001.JPG]<br />
<br />
The under surface of a young frond<br /><br />
[http://ketenewplymouth.peoplesnetworknz.info/image_files/0000/0002/9024/Dicksona_fibrosa__Wheki-ponga-002.JPG]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-----<br />
<br />
<br />
</div><br />
<br />
</div><br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Ferns]]<br />
[[Category:Phil Bendle Collection]]</div>Move page scripthttps://citscihub.nz/w/index.php?title=Phil_Bendle_Collection:White_butterfly_(Great)_Pieris_brassicae&diff=6690Phil Bendle Collection:White butterfly (Great) Pieris brassicae2019-07-31T01:36:33Z<p>Move page script: Move page script moved page White butterfly (Great) Pieris brassicae to Phil Bendle Collection:White butterfly (Great) Pieris brassicae without leaving a redirect</p>
<hr />
<div><div><br />
<br />
<div id="main"><br />
<br />
'''Kingdom:''' Animalia<br /><br />
'''Phylum:''' Arthropoda<br /><br />
'''Class:''' Insecta<br /><br />
'''Order:''' Lepidoptera<br /><br />
'''Family:''' Pieridae<br /><br />
'''Tribe:''' Pierini<br /><br />
'''Genus:''' Pieris<br /><br />
'''Species''': P. brassicae<br /><br />
'''Binomial name:''' Pieris brassicae<br /><br />
'''Synonym:''' Papilio brassicae<br /><br />
'''Common names:''' Great white butterfly, Large White, Large cabbage white<br />
<br />
'''Species alert'''<br />
<br />
The great white cabbage butterfly (''Pieris brassicae'') was first found in New Zealand in a Nelson city garden in 2010 and has since been spreading in Nelson Tasman area.<br /><br />
It is an unwanted pest in New Zealand. The butterfly is regarded as a pest of brassica crops in several countries including Europe, Britain and India. Brassica crops include cabbage, cauliflower, broccoli, rape, swedes, brussels sprouts and turnips. It is a potential threat to New Zealand’s cultivated and native brassica plants. Pieris brassicae will feed on a range of host plants in the plant families Brassicaceae, Capparaceae and Tropaeolaceae. These host plants are readily found in New Zealand within home gardens, commercial gardens and as weeds such as nasturtium, wild radish, wallflowers and alyssum. This butterfly can fly long distances – sometimes hundreds of kilometres – so will spread further through New Zealand if not stopped.<br /><br />
For a limited period in October 2013, the Department of Conservation offered a monetary reward for the capture of the butterfly. After two weeks, the public had captured 134 butterflies, netting $10 for each one handed in.<br />
<br />
Adult of the large white butterflies (''Pieris brassicae'') looks very similar to the small white butterfly (Pieris rapae) which is very common throughout New Zealand. Females of the small white (''Pieris rapae'') have two black wing spots, and males one. The males of the large white butterflies (Pieris brassicae) have no black wing spots.<br /><br />
Although the large white butterfly is slightly larger than the small white butterfly the layperson is unlikely to be able to distinguish between them.<br />
<br />
The adult large white butterflies (''Pieris brassicae'') have a wingspan up to 70mm.<br /><br />
The male forewing upperside is pure white with a black tip. The male’s hindwing upperside is creamy white but it has one black smear in near centre of the upper edge. The forewing is irrorated with black scales at the base and along costa for a short distance.<br /><br />
The female’s forewings upperside is white with a black tip like the males but has two black dots centre wing. The irrigation of black scales at the bases of the wings is more extended than the males. The female’s hindwing is as same as the males with a black smear in the centre near the upper edge. The underside wings of both sexes are a pale yellow, dusted with grey.<br /><br />
Typically, two generations are produced each year. The first brood of adults emerges in spring and flies until April. A second, larger brood of adults appears in July, and in particularly warm years, a third brood may occasionally occur. The female lay skittle shaped eggs on the leaves of host plants. Eggs are typically laid in batches of about 30, but sometimes up to 100. They hatch after around a week. The eggs are first a pale yellow colour. They turn into a darker yellow within twenty-four hours of being oviposited. A few hours prior to hatching, they will become black in colour, and the shell will become more transparent, and the larvae will appear visible.<br /><br />
Newly emerged caterpillars are yellow with shiny black heads. In their early stages, the caterpillars live in groups and can be extremely damaging, reducing the food plant to a mere skeleton. After the first moult, the colour changes to yellowish-green with yellow lines running the length of the body. Fully grown caterpillars are 45mm long, olive green with a yellow line along the top of the body. Distinguishing features of the mature caterpillar is that it is covered with splotchy black dots and patches with short black hairs over the whole body. The head is bluish-grey with black patches. They are very distasteful to birds because they absorb mustard oils from their diet, and their bright colouring advertises this fact, protecting the caterpillars from attack.<br /><br />
The chrysalises are 20mm in length. A non-diapausing chrysalis is a pale green and a diapausing chrysalis it is a greyish-white and it is dotted with black and yellow markings. The surface of the chrysalis is shaped by ridges and blunt spikes. It is attached to the substrate by a silken girdle and pad.<br />
<br />
DOC led a multi-agency programme over more than three years to eradicate the pest butterfly from Nelson Tasman where it was only known to be found. <br /><br />
In November 2016, the great white butterfly was determined to be successfully eradicated and is no longer in New Zealand. It was the first eradication of an unwanted butterfly population in the world.<br /><br />
A watch is still needed for this pest in case it turns up again in New Zealand. Report any suspected sightings to the Ministry for Primary Industries (MPI) '''Exotic Pests and Diseases Hotline 0800 80 99 66.'''<br />
<br />
Female butterfly (''Pieris brassicae'')<br /><br />
[http://www.terrain.net.nz/uploads/images/Te%20Henui/Fauna/Pieris%20brassicae%20female%20.jpg] <br />
<br />
Male butterfly (''Pieris brassicae'')<br /><br />
[http://www.terrain.net.nz/uploads/images/Te%20Henui/Fauna/Pieris%20brassica%20male%20.jpg]<br />
<br />
The eggs (''Pieris brassicae'')<br /><br />
<br />
<br />
The caterpillar (''Pieris brassicae'')<br /><br />
[http://www.terrain.net.nz/uploads/images/Te%20Henui/Fauna/Pieris_brassicae%20.%20Krisp.jpg]<br />
<br />
A chrysalis<br /><br />
[http://www.terrain.net.nz/uploads/images/Te%20Henui/Fauna/Pieris_brassicae_chrysalis,Rasbak.jpg]<br />
<br />
Thanks to Wikipedia for text and information http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-----<br />
<br />
<br />
</div><br />
<br />
</div><br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Butterflies]]<br />
[[Category:Phil Bendle Collection]]</div>Move page scripthttps://citscihub.nz/w/index.php?title=Phil_Bendle_Collection:White_butterfly_(Small)_Pieris_rapae&diff=6691Phil Bendle Collection:White butterfly (Small) Pieris rapae2019-07-31T01:36:33Z<p>Move page script: Move page script moved page White butterfly (Small) Pieris rapae to Phil Bendle Collection:White butterfly (Small) Pieris rapae without leaving a redirect</p>
<hr />
<div><div><br />
<br />
<div id="main"><br />
<br />
<div><br />
<br />
'''Kingdom:''' Animalia<br /><br />
'''Phylum:''' Arthropoda<br /><br />
'''Class:''' Insecta<br /><br />
'''Order:''' Lepidoptera<br /><br />
'''(unranked)''': Rhopalocera<br /><br />
'''Superfamily''': Papilionoidea<br /><br />
'''Family''': Pieridae<br /><br />
'''Tribe''': Pierini<br /><br />
'''Genus:''' Pieris<br /><br />
'''Species:''' P. rapae<br /><br />
'''Binomial name:''' Pieris rapae<br /><br />
'''Common name:''' Cabbage butterfly, white butterfly, Cabbage white. Small white. Pepe Ma<br />
<br />
'''<br /><br />
'''<br />
<br />
</div><br />
<div><br />
<br />
From Europe and North America, in New Zealand since about 1930 and now found throughout the country.It is suspected that it first arrived in New Zealand in the summer of 1929-30, it was first recorded in Napier in March 1930. It quickly spread all over New Zealand by the autumn or 1936. However, there seem to be 'jumps' in its dispersal over those few years, for example, the first specimen in the South Island was in the port town of Timaru, not in the Marlborough region as one would expect by natural dispersion. So the logical conclusion is that some specimens were transported around the country along with our shared food of the cabbage family.<br /><br />
The butterflies have a wingspan of 45–50 mm. Caterpillars are pests of cabbage and other plants of the Brassicaceae family. <br /><br />
Several parasites keep numbers in control.<br />
<br />
For more information on this butterfly visit http://nzbutterfly.info/resident/white-butterfly/<br />
<br />
A female with two spots on the wing.<br /><br />
[http://ketenewplymouth.peoplesnetworknz.info/image_files/0000/0007/1409/White_Butterfly_Female-001.jpg]<br /><br />
<br /><br />
Female at rest. It is showing the underside of the hindwing. Only the submarginal area of the underside of the forewing is showing. The black area at the top is the outer margin of the far forewing. The black wing dot is hidden.[http://ketenewplymouth.peoplesnetworknz.info/image_files/0000/0008/5413/Pieris_rapae__Cabbage_butterfly.JPG]<br />
<br />
Female Pieris rapae that has just landed with the submarginal and postdiscal areas of the underside of the forewing showing. One of the females black wing spots is visible. [http://ketenewplymouth.peoplesnetworknz.info/image_files/0000/0008/5418/Pieris_rapae__Cabbage_butterfly-001.JPG] <br />
<br />
A female with the two wing spots visible.<br /><br />
<br />
<br />
A male white butterfly with one spot on each wing.<br /><br />
[http://ketenewplymouth.peoplesnetworknz.info/image_files/0000/0001/5959/Male_Pieris_rapae__male_white_butterfly.JPG]<br />
<br />
A male with an additional green spot on each hindwing.<br />
<br />
[http://ketenewplymouth.peoplesnetworknz.info/image_files/0000/0010/3373/Male_Pieris_rapae__White_Butterfly.JPG]<br />
White Butterfly caterpillar. Larvae [caterpillars] are dull green and have small hairs which<br /><br />
give it a velvety appearance<br />
<br />
<br />
</div><br />
<div><br />
<br />
[http://ketenewplymouth.peoplesnetworknz.info/image_files/0000/0000/8293/Pieris_rapae_caterpillar.JPG]<br />
<br />
</div><br />
<br />
<br />
Head of the white butterfly caterpillar<br />
<br />
<div><br />
<br />
<br />
A caterpillar starting the chrysalis stage<br />
<br />
<br />
</div><br />
<br />
<br />
The pupa about 15 mm long, has a hardened outer shell and gains further protection by hiding where its colour blends with the background<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-----<br />
<br />
<br />
</div><br />
<br />
</div><br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Butterflies]]<br />
[[Category:Phil Bendle Collection]]</div>Move page scripthttps://citscihub.nz/w/index.php?title=Phil_Bendle_Collection:Whitebait_(Galaxias_maculatus)&diff=6692Phil Bendle Collection:Whitebait (Galaxias maculatus)2019-07-31T01:36:33Z<p>Move page script: Move page script moved page Whitebait (Galaxias maculatus) to Phil Bendle Collection:Whitebait (Galaxias maculatus) without leaving a redirect</p>
<hr />
<div><div><br />
<br />
<div id="main"><br />
<br />
'''Kingdom:''' Animalia<br /><br />
'''Phylum:''' Chordata<br /><br />
'''Subphylum:''' Vertebrata<br /><br />
'''Class:''' Actinopterygii<br /><br />
'''Order:''' Osmeriformes<br /><br />
'''Family:''' Galaxiidae<br /><br />
'''Subfamily:''' Galaxiinae<br /><br />
'''Genus:''' Galaxias<br /><br />
'''Species''': G. maculatus<br /><br />
'''Binomial name:''' Galaxias maculatus <br /><br />
'''Common name:''' Inanga, whitebait.<br />
<br />
Whitebait belong to the Galaxiidae family, which was named after the Milky Way galaxy because the first species described was sprinkled with dazzling spots.<br /><br />
Galaxias maculatus (Inanga ) the juveniles have a small mouth with lower and upper jaws even dorsal fin directly above anal fin large black spots ahead of dorsal fin sometimes right forward and along the sides translucent, blue-green when fresh; glassy clear 50-65mm. Inanga is by far the most commonly caught species of whitebait.<br /><br />
All whitebait species spend part of their life cycle in freshwater and part in the sea. Tiny fish hatch in late autumn and are carried along rivers out to sea where they live and grow over the winter. Inanga (Galaxias maculatus) In late winter and early spring migrate back up rivers and streams, finally settling and growing in bush covered streams and swamps. The start of the migration is thought to be influenced by river flows (i. e. shortly after floods) and phases of the moon.<br /><br />
Mature inanga adults migrate downstream to lower river sections and estuaries to spawn in grasses covered by water during spring tides. The eggs remain in the grass until the next spring tide covers them again when the young hatch and are carried out to sea. They generally survive one year reaching a length of 100mm.<br /><br />
In 1870s Chinese gold miners on theWest Coast of the South Island dried and exported whitebait. Commercial canning of the juvenile fish by Pakeha began in 1891 in Hokitika.<br />
<br />
There four other native species of whitebait they are the juveniles of :<br /><br />
koaro (Galaxias brevipinnis) <br /><br />
banded kokopu (Galaxias fasciatus)<br /><br />
giant kokopu (Galaxias argenteus) <br /><br />
shortjaw kokopu (Galaxias postvectis)<br />
<br />
Galaxias maculatus[http://ketenewplymouth.peoplesnetworknz.info/image_files/0000/0004/1849/Galaxias_maculatuss_whitebait_inanga.jpg]<br />
<br />
Whitebaiting the Te henui Stream<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
-----<br />
<br />
<br />
</div><br />
<br />
</div><br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Fish (New Zealand Freshwater)]]<br />
[[Category:Phil Bendle Collection]]</div>Move page script